Karlijin is an Associate Professor of Economics at Utrecht University School of Economics, Adjunct Associate Professor of Applied Economics and Policy at the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management at Cornell University, Senior Researcher at the Development Economics Group at Wageningen University, and Programme Director Development Economics at the Center for the Economic Analysis of Risk at Georgia State University. She is a member of the Network of Development Economists in the Netherlands (DuDE), the European Development Research Network (EUDN), and the Collaboration for International Development Economics Researcher (CIDER).