Health & Nutrition

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In this Image A photo taken during IPA's growth charts study in Zambia. © 2017 Rachel Levenson

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Research Findings

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A patient receives a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria

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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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As COVID-19 vaccination ramps up worldwide, understanding factors that may lead people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to reject COVID-19 vaccination is of global concern, as lags in vaccination could facilitate the spread of virus variants. Researchers surveyed nearly 45,000 individuals in 10 LMICs, the United States, and Russia between June 2020 and January 2021 on vaccine acceptance and trusted sources for vaccination advice. They found high levels of vaccine acceptance in LMICs, with an average acceptance rate of 80 percent among respondents, and self-protection as the primary motivation. Respondents’ top cited concern with the vaccines was potential side effects.

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Photo of a group of men wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh

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The Impact of Mask Distribution and Promotion on Mask Uptake in Bangladesh

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A growing body of scientific evidence suggested that face masks protected against COVID-19. There was, however, limited rigorous evidence on the extent to which mask-wearing is effective in reducing COVID-19 in a real-life situation with imperfect and inconsistent mask use. In Bangladesh, researchers and IPA partnered with Bangladeshi policymakers and a local NGO to design and evaluate various strategies to increase mask-wearing and assess the impact of community mask-wearing on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates.

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Photo of houses in Ghana with icons overlaid to depict CBT process - a heart, a person with a gear representing their brain, and a line graph.

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The Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Low-Income Individuals in Rural Ghana

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Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be an effective mental health approach for people living in poverty, who are especially vulnerable to mental distress and face unique demands on their mental “bandwidth.” Researchers worked with IPA and the University of Ghana Medical School to design, implement, and conduct a randomized evaluation of the impacts of a group CBT curriculum on low-income individuals in rural Ghana. CBT improved participants’ mental and physical well-being, socio-emotional and cognitive skills, and economic outcomes two to three months later.

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Related Topics

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COVID-19

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IPA is working to contribute meaningful data, evidence, and analysis to the governments and organizations responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Read the latest analyses, news, and information about our response.

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Family Planning

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There is a large unmet need for family planning worldwide. IPA’s research on this topic includes examining incentives to use contraception and how factors like information and gender dynamics influence childbearing choices.

Vaccinations

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Every year, 2 to 3 million people die from diseases that could have been prevented with existing vaccines. IPA has synthesized evidence on demand-side interventions for improved vaccination and is working on projects to evaluate vaccine attitudes, increase demand through social incentives, improve vaccination services, and ultimately increase uptake.

Intimate Partner Violence

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Almost one-third of women report experiencing intimate partner violence or sexual violence by a non-partner at some point in their lives. IPA has been a leader in the recent expansion of high-quality research to identify how we can substantially reduce IPV.

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Malaria

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Malaria is preventable and curable, but worldwide there is still a lack of resources and knowledge on preventive measures. IPA has run evaluations on strategies such as free distribution of mosquito bednets and SMS message reminders to take malaria medication.

Maternal & Child Health

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Thousands of children under age five die every day, mostly from preventable causes and treatable diseases. IPA is evaluating approaches that address the problems from different perspectives, such as healthcare delivery systems and safe water.

Nutrition

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Inadequate nutrition not only has negative health consequences, but can also affect school attendance, labor force participation, and productivity. IPA has synthesized evidence on child growth and nutrition as part of its Child Growth and Development Initiative.

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Quality of Care

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Lack of income, poor infrastructure, and other factors continue to inhibit access to quality health services and use of health-promoting products worldwide. IPA has evaluated the impact of hundreds of interventions in this area.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

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Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of child mortality in LMICs, yet many cases could be prevented with good water quality and sanitation. IPA’s research explores the effectiveness of new and existing approaches for improving WASH.