Efforts to address problems in the healthcare sectors of developing countries have focused mainly on government clinics and hospitals, yet private providers are the first source of care in many settings, and the private healthcare sector faces a wide host of challenges. Regulation and enforcement of quality care in private facilities is generally weak, and the private healthcare sector is not structured to ensure either quality or affordability. One of our largest research projects investigates an initiative that aims to improve both the supply and demand for private healthcare among the poor.