EMANUELA GALASSO is a Senior Economist in the Poverty Group of the Development Research Group. Since joining the Bank as a Young Economist in 2000, her research has covered issues related to decentralization and effectiveness of social protection programs and anti-poverty programs. Her on-going work currently focuses on the medium term and dynamic effects of anti-poverty programs using multi-year longitudinal surveys in Madagascar and Chile, with particular emphasis on their distributional impacts. She completed her MA and Ph.D. in Economics from Boston College in 2000.