Methods &amp; Measurement https://poverty-action.org/ en Can a Peer-referral System to Recruit Enumerators Increase Data Quality in the Philippines? https://poverty-action.org/study/can-peer-referral-system-recruit-enumerators-increase-data-quality-philippines <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Can a Peer-referral System to Recruit Enumerators Increase Data Quality in the Philippines?</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/5" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="mpodesta@poverty-action.org">mpodesta@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 12/11/2023 - 15:23</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img"><img alt="IPA enumerator ©IPA Philippines 2023" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="98855605-3cda-4278-8838-11576b1ffebb" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/PSPS%20video.png" width="946" height="531" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>IPA enumerator ©IPA Philippines 2023</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --><p><strong>Researchers at Northwestern University’s Global Poverty Research Lab are leveraging the Philippines Socioeconomic Panel Survey to measure the impact of skills-based referrals to recruit enumerators on data quality. </strong></p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Credible research relies significantly on the quality of data enumerators collect from households. However, evidence suggests that this data can vary based on the enumerator’s demographic characteristics, and their skills and behaviors when conducting interviews. Poor data quality can lead to bias and limited validity across contexts. The <a href="https://poverty-action.org/philippines-socioeconomic-panel-survey">Philippines Socioeconomic Panel Survey (PSPS)</a> will provide government actors and the Philippine public with important, publicly available data on the socio-economic development of over 13,500 households in Western Visayas over the next twenty years. Increased data quality can improve the causal inferences that can be drawn from the PSPS data and inform better policy. </p> <p>Researchers at the Global Poverty Research Lab at Northwestern University and IPA are conducting a randomized evaluation to measure the impact of recruiting enumerators through skills-based referrals on data quality. They will evaluate whether skills change the skill profile in the enumerator applicant pool and what is the return of specific skills (active listening and conscientiousness) on data quality. Active listening is hearing and responding to verbal speech and non-verbal cues, like body language and facial expressions. Conscientiousness is the ability to be hard-working, organized, proactive, and follow through with their commitments. </p> <p>Enumerator applicants will either be recruited with referrals for being active listeners, with referrals for being conscientious, or without referrals and serve as the comparison group. The intervention will be implemented in three phases: </p> <ul><li><strong>Phase 1 (Business as Usual No Referrals):</strong> Recruitment will be conducted and advertised as usual, with an open application, without skills-based recruitment.</li> <li><strong>Phase 2 (Conscientious or Active Listening Referral):</strong> Trusted enumerators who have worked with IPA Philippines previously will be randomly assigned and invited to refer candidates who they think possess the skill of active listening or conscientiousness. Applications by “business as usual” applicants who apply without referrals will continue to be accepted and reviewed.</li> <li><strong>Phase 3 (“Friends of Friends” Recruitment):</strong> Applicants who applied without referrals in the “business as usual” phase, passed a screening quiz, and scored highly on an interviewer skills survey, will be invited to refer candidates based on the two skills.</li> </ul><p><strong>The recruitment team will be blind to the referral status of a candidate (that is, if they were referred or not) to ensure that the outcome of their application remains unbiased.</strong> All referrals will go through the standard application, interviewing, and screening process. Being referred to the role will have no bearing on the outcome of a candidate’s application. All applicants have the opportunity to participate in this study and take a self-administered survey during their application, which researchers will use to measure their active listening and conscientiousness-related skills. To measure outcomes related to data quality, each enumerator’s survey-collected data will be linked to back-check data for the same household.</p> <p>Results of this evaluation will be available in 2024.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><hr /><h1>Partner</h1> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb30-detail--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb30-detail paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="cb30"> <div class="frame"> <!-- <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="toggle accordion"> <a href="javascript:;" class=""> <span>In this Section</span> <svg width="50" height="50" viewBox="0 0 50 50" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="25" cy="25" r="25" transform="rotate(90 25 25)" fill="white"/> <path d="M24.4697 30.0568C24.7626 30.3497 25.2374 30.3497 25.5303 30.0568L30.3033 25.2839C30.5962 24.991 30.5962 24.5161 30.3033 24.2232C30.0104 23.9303 29.5355 23.9303 29.2426 24.2232L25 28.4659L20.7574 24.2232C20.4645 23.9303 19.9896 23.9303 19.6967 24.2232C19.4038 24.5161 19.4038 24.991 19.6967 25.2839L24.4697 30.0568ZM24.25 28.4141L24.25 29.5265L25.75 29.5265L25.75 28.4141L24.25 28.4141Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="inner"> <div class="cb-share cb-det"> <span>Share</span> <div class="social"> <a href="#"> <svg width="8" height="14" viewBox="0 0 8 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M2.25 4.66667H0.5V7H2.25V14H5.16667V7H7.29117L7.5 4.66667H5.16667V3.69425C5.16667 3.13717 5.27867 2.91667 5.81708 2.91667H7.5V0H5.27867C3.181 0 2.25 0.923416 2.25 2.69208V4.66667Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> <a href="#"> <svg width="15" height="12" viewBox="0 0 15 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.2698 0.955817C11.7259 0.367563 10.9485 0 10.0879 0C8.4383 0 7.09955 1.35644 7.09955 3.02932C7.09955 3.26693 7.12523 3.49723 7.17658 3.71907C4.69205 3.59258 2.48959 2.388 1.01428 0.552882C0.75672 1.00195 0.609656 1.52292 0.609656 2.07773C0.609656 3.12813 1.13722 4.05549 1.93985 4.59876C1.45041 4.58415 0.988599 4.44651 0.584756 4.2212V4.25811C0.584756 5.72644 1.61537 6.9514 2.98408 7.22861C2.73353 7.29973 2.46897 7.33549 2.19624 7.33549C2.00365 7.33549 1.81574 7.31704 1.63366 7.28166C2.01416 8.4847 3.11753 9.36093 4.42594 9.38438C3.4031 10.1972 2.11337 10.6816 0.713145 10.6816C0.471929 10.6816 0.233435 10.6678 0 10.6401C1.3228 11.4983 2.89499 12 4.58273 12C10.0821 12 13.0883 7.3847 13.0883 3.38112C13.0883 3.24924 13.086 3.11775 13.0809 2.98856C13.6649 2.5614 14.1723 2.02813 14.5714 1.42065C14.0361 1.66134 13.4595 1.82436 12.8549 1.89741C13.4723 1.52292 13.9462 0.929288 14.1695 0.221845C13.5914 0.568646 12.9526 0.820864 12.2698 0.955817Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="cb-meta cb-det"> </div> </div> </aside> --> <div class="details-flex"> <!-- <div class="cb-tags"> --> <!-- <div class="tags-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> </div> --> <!-- <a href="/node//pdf" class="btn-black" target="_blank">View in PDF</a> --> <!-- </div> --> <!-- <div class="cb-title"> <h2>Cras ultricies mi eu turpis fusce convallis metus id felis </h2> </div> --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-cb30-flex-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cb30-flex-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">CB30 Flex Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-donors--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-donors paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-donors"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-donor-repeater-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default.html.twig x field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-donor-repeater-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Donor Repeater Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-12/GPRL%20Logo%20purple%201.jpg" alt="GPRL logo"> </div> <span> Global Poverty Research Lab (GPRL), Northwestern University </span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-lead-photo--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-lead-photo--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-lead-photo--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-lead-photo field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Lead Photo</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/95" hreflang="en">Philippines</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/andrew-dillon"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dillon_Andrew.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Andrew Dillon </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/10964" hreflang="en">In Progress</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2271" hreflang="en">Randomized Evaluation</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-region--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-region.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Region</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/301" hreflang="en">Asia and Oceania</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-12/PSPS%20video.png" width="946" height="531" alt="IPA enumerator" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/rene-panti"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-05/Rene-Marlon-Panti.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Rene Marlon Panti </div> <div class="title"> Research Manager </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item">200 enumerator applicants</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2023-2024</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Mon, 11 Dec 2023 20:23:23 +0000 mpodesta@poverty-action.org 53545 at https://poverty-action.org Assessing the Impact of Data Reporting by Local Governments on National-level Administrative Data Quality in Colombia https://poverty-action.org/study/assessing-impact-data-reporting-local-governments-national-level-administrative-data-quality <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Assessing the Impact of Data Reporting by Local Governments on National-level Administrative Data Quality in Colombia</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/5" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="mpodesta@poverty-action.org">mpodesta@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 07/19/2023 - 16:58</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb30-detail--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb30-detail paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="cb30"> <div class="frame"> <!-- <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="toggle accordion"> <a href="javascript:;" class=""> <span>In this Section</span> <svg width="50" height="50" viewBox="0 0 50 50" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="25" cy="25" r="25" transform="rotate(90 25 25)" fill="white"/> <path d="M24.4697 30.0568C24.7626 30.3497 25.2374 30.3497 25.5303 30.0568L30.3033 25.2839C30.5962 24.991 30.5962 24.5161 30.3033 24.2232C30.0104 23.9303 29.5355 23.9303 29.2426 24.2232L25 28.4659L20.7574 24.2232C20.4645 23.9303 19.9896 23.9303 19.6967 24.2232C19.4038 24.5161 19.4038 24.991 19.6967 25.2839L24.4697 30.0568ZM24.25 28.4141L24.25 29.5265L25.75 29.5265L25.75 28.4141L24.25 28.4141Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="inner"> <div class="cb-share cb-det"> <span>Share</span> <div class="social"> <a href="#"> <svg width="8" height="14" viewBox="0 0 8 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M2.25 4.66667H0.5V7H2.25V14H5.16667V7H7.29117L7.5 4.66667H5.16667V3.69425C5.16667 3.13717 5.27867 2.91667 5.81708 2.91667H7.5V0H5.27867C3.181 0 2.25 0.923416 2.25 2.69208V4.66667Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> <a href="#"> <svg width="15" height="12" viewBox="0 0 15 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.2698 0.955817C11.7259 0.367563 10.9485 0 10.0879 0C8.4383 0 7.09955 1.35644 7.09955 3.02932C7.09955 3.26693 7.12523 3.49723 7.17658 3.71907C4.69205 3.59258 2.48959 2.388 1.01428 0.552882C0.75672 1.00195 0.609656 1.52292 0.609656 2.07773C0.609656 3.12813 1.13722 4.05549 1.93985 4.59876C1.45041 4.58415 0.988599 4.44651 0.584756 4.2212V4.25811C0.584756 5.72644 1.61537 6.9514 2.98408 7.22861C2.73353 7.29973 2.46897 7.33549 2.19624 7.33549C2.00365 7.33549 1.81574 7.31704 1.63366 7.28166C2.01416 8.4847 3.11753 9.36093 4.42594 9.38438C3.4031 10.1972 2.11337 10.6816 0.713145 10.6816C0.471929 10.6816 0.233435 10.6678 0 10.6401C1.3228 11.4983 2.89499 12 4.58273 12C10.0821 12 13.0883 7.3847 13.0883 3.38112C13.0883 3.24924 13.086 3.11775 13.0809 2.98856C13.6649 2.5614 14.1723 2.02813 14.5714 1.42065C14.0361 1.66134 13.4595 1.82436 12.8549 1.89741C13.4723 1.52292 13.9462 0.929288 14.1695 0.221845C13.5914 0.568646 12.9526 0.820864 12.2698 0.955817Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="cb-meta cb-det"> </div> </div> </aside> --> <div class="details-flex"> <!-- <div class="cb-tags"> --> <!-- <div class="tags-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> </div> --> <!-- <a href="/node//pdf" class="btn-black" target="_blank">View in PDF</a> --> <!-- </div> --> <!-- <div class="cb-title"> <h2>Cras ultricies mi eu turpis fusce convallis metus id felis </h2> </div> --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-cb30-flex-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cb30-flex-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">CB30 Flex Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-image-caption paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-image-caption"> <div> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/Colombia_Survey_2020.jpg" alt="Colombians taking surveys"> </div> <figcaption> <span>In This Image</span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-image-caption--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-image-caption--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-image-caption--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sub-image-caption field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Image Caption</div> <div class="field__item">People completing surveys in Colombia</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </figcaption> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>A researcher assessed in Colombia the mechanisms of local governments reporting data to the central government and the impact on administrative data quality. IPA provided research support in contacting local officials and designing survey questions.</strong></p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Central governments often rely on data and reports from local governments to make decisions on public goods and service provision, finances, and public administration. Yet research suggests that local officials can misreport or manipulate the information reported to the national government — particularly as it relates to performance metrics, qualification for intergovernmental transfers, or oversight — if they have an incentive. [1] Colombia’s central government relies heavily on municipal governments to self-report administrative data that can then be used to inform policymaking. However, assessment of data quality of the resultant administrative data in Colombia suggests substantial variation in the reporting and accuracy. [2]</p> <p>The researcher assessed the mechanisms of local governments reporting data to the national government and the impact on administrative data quality. First, they assessed what data is solicited and how it is used by national government agencies. To do this, they reviewed archival records and data from three sources: the National Planning Department (DNP), which distributes royalties for local departments and municipalities; SISBÉN, a national database that determines household eligibility for social programs for low- and lower-middle-income families; and SECOP, a national database for government contracts that monitors spending, efficiency, and transparency.</p> <p>Following the review of national archival records, the researcher conducted surveys with 3,185 local government officials who compile and report the data to DNP, SISBÉN, and SECOP. IPA provided research support by contacting local government officials, piloting and revising survey questions, and cleaning the data. Finally, the researcher mapped interactions between local and central government officials to identify ways to assess administrative data quality and its implications for use in research. </p> <p>Results will be available later in 2023.</p> <h2>Sources</h2> <p>1. Wallace (2014), Martinez (2021), Haseeb &amp; Viborny (2020) </p> <p>2. Garbiras-Díaz, Natalia, and Tara Slough. "The Limits of Decentralized Administrative Data Collection: Experimental Evidence from Colombia." (2022).</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2036" hreflang="en">Transparency &amp; Accountability</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/53" hreflang="en">Colombia</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/tara-slough"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Tara%20Slough.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Tara Slough </div> <div class="title"> New York University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/22" hreflang="en">Results</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9811" hreflang="en">Descriptive / Surveillance</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-region--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-region.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Region</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/296" hreflang="en">Latin America and North America</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/Colombia_Survey_2020_0.jpg" width="6016" height="4016" alt="Surveys in Colombia" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/dayana-lorena-tellez-galeano"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Dayana-Tellez-Galeano_updated.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Dayana Tellez Galeano </div> <div class="title"> Associate Director, Research and Operations </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/karen-rojas"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-01/Karen-Rojas_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Karen Rojas </div> <div class="title"> Research Associate </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/maria-juliana-otalora"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Maria-Juliana-Otalora_updated.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> María Juliana Otalora </div> <div class="title"> Research Analyst </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item">3,185 local government officials</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 19 Jul 2023 20:58:49 +0000 mpodesta@poverty-action.org 53327 at https://poverty-action.org No, We Don’t Need Methodological Review Boards https://poverty-action.org/blog/no-we-don%E2%80%99t-need-methodological-review-boards <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">No, We Don’t Need Methodological Review Boards</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/6" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="rnastiti@poverty-action.org">rnastiti@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 04/06/2023 - 16:41</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Should researchers have the freedom to perform research that is a waste of time? That was the question Daniël Lakens recently posed in a thought-provoking Nature <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04504-8">commentary</a>. To paraphrase his response to his own question: no, they shouldn’t—and to make sure researchers do not waste time and resources, what we actually need is a new type of review board. In his argument, Lakens cites his own experience as chair of his university’s ethical review board, where he saw many studies that would pass muster on purely ethical grounds but were still not worth doing because they were not well designed.</p> <p>Social media <a href="https://twitter.com/lakens/status/1610316477378199555">chimed in</a> with the predictable reaction of, “Oh no, not another review board! The last thing we need is more hurdles.”</p> <p>As director of research methods at Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) and the institutional official for the IPA<a href="https://poverty-action.org/ethics-ipa-irb"> Institutional Review Board</a> (IRB), I understand where Lakens is coming from. But in the end, I side with his critics in cautioning against a traditional Research Review Committee (RRC). At IPA, we tried that approach for several years, but recently scrapped it for a more flexible process that ensures high quality and functions more as “support from a wise colleague” rather than gatekeeping from an all-knowing board.</p> <p>It’s true there are flawed studies that survive IRB review because the board and its staff cannot feasibly screen them all thoroughly for design quality. And there are studies, even those designed by well-established senior academics, that have blind spots, have aspects that are not well specified or thought out, have unstated or unrealistic assumptions, have too many hypotheses, or are just not well explained. In such cases, being queried by someone from outside the study team can result in improvements, including greater clarity in the design.</p> <p>Clearly, methodological review boards present a complex mix of pros and cons. IPA’s experience with such boards offers some cautions about what can go wrong and why we now take a different approach, based on lessons learned.</p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img align-center"><img alt="Blog Illustration" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0e44f158-c0f4-4205-9930-523da17a10d2" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/methodological%20research%20review%20board%20illustration%20nastiti%20resized_0.jpg" width="1024" height="576" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>IPA's Research Review Committee functioned for years almost like an academic journal, relying on blinding and volunteer reviewers.</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --><p>For years, IPA had a formal RRC, patterned after many institutions’ RRCs, particularly biomedical research units. IPA’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/scientific-review-committee">RRC</a> functioned almost like an academic journal, relying on blinding (i.e. reviewer anonymity) and volunteer reviewers. It was designed as a quality control mechanism that would free IPA to offer partnership opportunities to a larger, more diverse group of principal investigators (PIs). But in practice, IPA’s RRC often functioned as a gatekeeper. In fact, it was too restrictive a gatekeeper (and there were too many studies to review), so over time we allowed researchers to seek exemptions based on criteria such as the PI’s experience with IPA or affiliation with J-PAL, a network of academics who passed selective screening criteria.</p> <p>As the number of exemptions grew, the purpose of IPA’s RRC became less clear and its process unraveled. Studies suddenly had more co-PIs, including those who happened to meet the exemption criteria. Underpowered studies would be passed off as “pilots” until it was time to publish. Failing to be exempted from RRC review perversely sent a message to researchers that we somehow didn’t trust them or thought we knew their area of study better than they did. Some PIs shared only the bare minimum information to avoid scrutiny of the details. The reviews that weren’t exempt took a long time because volunteer reviewers had little incentive to prioritize them. Miscommunication between PIs and reviewers about highly technical or context-specific issues further hampered the RRC’s effectiveness.</p> <p> </p> <h1>IPA's Approach to Methodological Review Boards</h1> <p> </p> <p>So how do we solve the problem Lakens raises? We do not need a research methods police for every single study, but research institutions <em>should</em> provide research methods review support and ensure such support is delivered in a way that is fast, efficient, and works for all research. This should be a central part of the institution’s research infrastructure, just like grants management or communications support—a form of friendly but rigorous internal quality control. Research projects themselves should pay for it (as they do with IRB review), but they should want it and see it as a valued service. The institutions that bear the cost and reputational risk of studies failing to produce usable evidence should require this kind of helpful review. Funders and IRBs should insist on it. They should create the ability to intervene early in the life of a study before time or money (or both) are wasted. The more resources or reputations at risk, the greater the scrutiny.</p> <p>Over the past two years, IPA has rolled out a flexible, collaborative technical research review process that has these properties. We learned that, by implementing the following steps, it is possible to address Lakens’ concerns without creating undue burdens on researchers or reviewers.</p> <p><strong>Step 1: Do away with blinding.</strong> Strongly encourage both written feedback and a synchronous meeting allowing for two-way communication between reviewers and researchers. In IPA’s experience, these debriefing sessions have been extremely valuable for both reviewers and PIs, reducing confusion and miscommunication in just a single one-hour conversation.</p> <p><strong>Step 2: Establish a two-step scheduling system.</strong> The first step is to get the review on the calendar even before the design is ready to be reviewed. This makes it possible to assign a reviewer who can be available when the design is ready to be reviewed and turn it around the same day or the next. Scheduling the review and assigning the reviewer so early in the process reduces delays and enables the reviewer to avoid the competing demands (e.g. writing proposals, and submitting course grades) so common to the profession.</p> <p><strong>Step 3: Pay the reviewers.</strong> Some have proposed employing full-time reviewers. But the best reviewers are often researchers themselves and might be reluctant to abandon their research to become full-time reviewers. At IPA, our internal researchers take turns serving as reviewers. Their work as reviewers is charged to the grant that funds the project, or to whatever account is supporting the proposal development. For IPA’s researchers, spending time as a reviewer has proven intellectually stimulating and rewarding.</p> <p><strong>Step 4: Establish common ground.</strong> It’s important that researchers and reviewers understand they are pursuing a common goal: high-quality, rigorous research. Ideally, the reviewer should be selected based on their expertise, but they do not have to be an expert on all aspects of the study. They can still provide a fresh perspective, which is often the board’s most valuable contribution. Reviewers represent the institution and help protect its reputation and mitigate operational risk. In some cases, they have to deliver the tough news that the study should not move forward, but that is rare.</p> <p>At IPA, we are still ramping up this process and implementing it throughout the organization. But initial results are promising. Lakens noted that “The goal is not to gatekeep, but to improve.” This is exactly the spirit we try to follow with IPA’s technical research review process. Based on our experience, the more flexible and collaborative approach we’ve taken works better to achieve this than methodological review boards have in the past.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/10915" hreflang="en">Blogs</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-author--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/steven-glazerman"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2024-01/Steve-Glazerman-2023-Web_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Steven Glazerman </div> <div class="title"> Chief Research &amp; Methodology Officer </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-04/methodological%20research%20review%20board%20illustration%20nastiti.jpg" width="1920" height="1080" alt="Oh no, not another review board an illustration " typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-start-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-start-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event Start Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2023-04-06T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 04/06/2023 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-end-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-end-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event End Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2023-04-06T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 04/06/2023 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 06 Apr 2023 20:41:57 +0000 rnastiti@poverty-action.org 53112 at https://poverty-action.org IPA Co-Hosts 2022 Researcher Gathering https://poverty-action.org/event/ipa-co-hosts-2022-researcher-gathering <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">IPA Co-Hosts 2022 Researcher Gathering</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 06/13/2022 - 09:49</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><span>On October 12-14, 2022, Innovations for Poverty Action and the </span><a href="https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/global-poverty-research-lab.aspx">Global Poverty Research Lab (GPRL)</a> at Northwestern University hosted the 2022 Annual Researcher Gathering. This was an invitation-only event. The three-day event focused on the following themes with panels and plenary sessions on each day:</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong><span>Consumer Protection Research Forum:</span></strong> Researchers presented and discussed early-stage, in-progress research and working papers addressing key consumer protection risks in financial services: fraud; redress and complaints handling; transparency; consumer choice; and overindebtedness.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong><span>Methods and Measurement Conference: </span></strong>The Methods and Measurement Conference was organized by the IPA-Northwestern <a href="/research-methods">Research Methods Initiative</a> to provide a platform to discuss recent advances in measurement, under the Initiative’s three strands: Research Design and Analysis, Fieldwork Implementation and Data Collection, and Questionnaire Design and Measurement.</p> <p dir="ltr"><span><strong>Financial Inclusion and Social Protection Gathering:</strong> </span>Researchers presented and discussed early results and recent working papers on financial inclusion and social inclusion research, including new work on digital credit, wages and household finance, digital finance adoption, and more.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb30-detail--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb30-detail paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="cb30"> <div class="frame"> <!-- <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="toggle accordion"> <a href="javascript:;" class=""> <span>In this Section</span> <svg width="50" height="50" viewBox="0 0 50 50" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="25" cy="25" r="25" transform="rotate(90 25 25)" fill="white"/> <path d="M24.4697 30.0568C24.7626 30.3497 25.2374 30.3497 25.5303 30.0568L30.3033 25.2839C30.5962 24.991 30.5962 24.5161 30.3033 24.2232C30.0104 23.9303 29.5355 23.9303 29.2426 24.2232L25 28.4659L20.7574 24.2232C20.4645 23.9303 19.9896 23.9303 19.6967 24.2232C19.4038 24.5161 19.4038 24.991 19.6967 25.2839L24.4697 30.0568ZM24.25 28.4141L24.25 29.5265L25.75 29.5265L25.75 28.4141L24.25 28.4141Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="inner"> <div class="cb-share cb-det"> <span>Share</span> <div class="social"> <a href="#"> <svg width="8" height="14" viewBox="0 0 8 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M2.25 4.66667H0.5V7H2.25V14H5.16667V7H7.29117L7.5 4.66667H5.16667V3.69425C5.16667 3.13717 5.27867 2.91667 5.81708 2.91667H7.5V0H5.27867C3.181 0 2.25 0.923416 2.25 2.69208V4.66667Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> <a href="#"> <svg width="15" height="12" viewBox="0 0 15 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.2698 0.955817C11.7259 0.367563 10.9485 0 10.0879 0C8.4383 0 7.09955 1.35644 7.09955 3.02932C7.09955 3.26693 7.12523 3.49723 7.17658 3.71907C4.69205 3.59258 2.48959 2.388 1.01428 0.552882C0.75672 1.00195 0.609656 1.52292 0.609656 2.07773C0.609656 3.12813 1.13722 4.05549 1.93985 4.59876C1.45041 4.58415 0.988599 4.44651 0.584756 4.2212V4.25811C0.584756 5.72644 1.61537 6.9514 2.98408 7.22861C2.73353 7.29973 2.46897 7.33549 2.19624 7.33549C2.00365 7.33549 1.81574 7.31704 1.63366 7.28166C2.01416 8.4847 3.11753 9.36093 4.42594 9.38438C3.4031 10.1972 2.11337 10.6816 0.713145 10.6816C0.471929 10.6816 0.233435 10.6678 0 10.6401C1.3228 11.4983 2.89499 12 4.58273 12C10.0821 12 13.0883 7.3847 13.0883 3.38112C13.0883 3.24924 13.086 3.11775 13.0809 2.98856C13.6649 2.5614 14.1723 2.02813 14.5714 1.42065C14.0361 1.66134 13.4595 1.82436 12.8549 1.89741C13.4723 1.52292 13.9462 0.929288 14.1695 0.221845C13.5914 0.568646 12.9526 0.820864 12.2698 0.955817Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="cb-meta cb-det"> </div> </div> </aside> --> <div class="details-flex"> <!-- <div class="cb-tags"> --> <!-- <div class="tags-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> </div> --> <!-- <a href="/node//pdf" class="btn-black" target="_blank">View in PDF</a> --> <!-- </div> --> <!-- <div class="cb-title"> <h2>Cras ultricies mi eu turpis fusce convallis metus id felis </h2> </div> --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/events" hreflang="en">Events</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-start-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-start-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event Start Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2022-10-12T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 10/12/2022 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-end-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-end-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event End Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2022-10-14T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Fri, 10/14/2022 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>On October 12-14, 2022, Innovations for Poverty Action and the Global Poverty Research Lab (GPRL) at Northwestern University hosted the 2022 Annual Researcher Gathering. This was an invitation-only event.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Mon, 13 Jun 2022 13:49:23 +0000 Anonymous 51066 at https://poverty-action.org Measuring the True Cost of Digital Transactions in Uganda https://poverty-action.org/study/measuring-true-cost-digital-transactions-uganda <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Measuring the True Cost of Digital Transactions in Uganda</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 04/19/2022 - 15:43</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>Abstract</h2><p>The price of digital financial services (DFS) can be an obstacle to its adoption and regular use, particularly in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC). In Uganda Innovations for Poverty Actions (IPA) is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions. IPA researchers will test four methods to determine the most cost-effective way to accurately calculate real transaction costs. Results will include a report with the costs of different mobile money transactions and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different methodologies tested. IPA researchers hope to then scale this index to other contexts.</p> <h2>Policy Issue</h2><p>Digital Financial Services (DFS) allow users to transfer funds quickly and relatively inexpensively across long distances. This allows users to pool risks over dispersed social networks. For example, an individual that suffers a health shock could request assistance from friends and family, even those living far away. Similarly products like mobile money  allow workers to move into more productive occupations in urban centers while sending money home quickly and easily.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a> Despite the benefits, take up of DFS remains low, particularly among vulnerable populations. For example, in Uganda, only 30 percent of low-income women have an account at a financial institution.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" id="_ftnref2"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a> The price of DFS could be a barrier associated with low adoption. . In Niger and Tanzania, research reveals that demand for mobile money transfers declines as transaction costs increase and vice versa.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title="" id="_ftnref3"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> This finding suggests that costs are critical to improve financial inclusion.</p> <p>However, there are limited efforts to systematically measure and monitor the true cost of conducting common DFS transactions such as person-to-person transfers or cashing out electronic funds. The World Bank's Remittance Prices Worldwide database contains quarterly data on the cost of sending international remittances from 48 sending countries to 105 receiving countries. While this index covers official prices and exchange rate spreads to send money between countries, only smaller projects have measured the cost of certain DFS transactions, perhaps in part because of the complexity of creating a standardized measurement approach.</p> <h2>Context of the Evaluation</h2><p>With an overall mobile money penetration rate of 51 percent,<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a> Uganda has a well-established digital financial service market, though nearly half of adults in the country lack access to mobile money (and only 18 percent of low-income adults have an account.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" id="_ftnref2"><sup><sup>[5]</sup></sup></a></p> <p>Agent misconduct, and the distrust of financial service providers misconduct  can create, are issues of interest in  Uganda. In a 2020 phone survey of digital finance consumers, IPA found that nearly one third of consumers had recently experienced overcharging by an agent and that “many consumer protection problems lead to long-term damage to customer trust in providers”.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title="" id="_ftnref3"><sup><sup>[6]</sup></sup></a> . As part of its <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/program-area/financial-inclusion/consumer-protection-initiative">Consumer Protection Research Initiative</a>, IPA is working with government partners in Uganda, including the Uganda Communication Commission, to identify and address related consumer protection issues, including the <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/mobile-financial-services-consumer-protection-and-dispute-resolution-uganda">effectiveness of mobile phone complaints redress systems</a>.</p> <h2>Details of the Intervention</h2><p><em>Note: This study is not a randomized trial</em></p> <p>In Uganda,, IPA is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the impact of monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions. Researchers will capture the real cost of common transactions using the following methods: </p> <ul><li>Mystery shopping: Trained research staff will try to collect and withdraw mobile money at agent locations as if they were normal users.</li> <li>Surveys: Research staff will survey actual users about their experience with mobile money agents. </li> <li>Remote mystery shopping: Trained research staff will transfer money to users and ask them to conduct and record their normal transactions.</li> </ul><p>The research team will also evaluate the cost effectiveness of these methods to determine which approach is better suited to developing a transaction cost index in other countries. In addition, the research team will track official prices publicly listed by financial institutions and follow policies that could affect transaction costs, such as fee caps. </p> <h2>Results and Policy Lessons</h2><p>Research ongoing; results forthcoming.</p> <h2>Sources</h2><div id="ftn1"> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a> BMGF, 2021. Research Brief: The Impact of Mobile Money on Poverty. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/ImpactofMobileMoneyonPoverty_ResearchBrief.pdf.</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" id="_ftn2"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a>The Global Findex Database 2018: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Uganda.pdf.</p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title="" id="_ftn3"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> Aker, Jenny C., Silvia Prina, and C. Jamilah Welch, 2020. Migration, money transfers, and mobile money: Evidence from Niger." In <em>AEA Papers and Proceedings</em>, vol. 110, pp. 589-93. Nicholas Economides and Przemyslaw Jeziorski, “Mobile Money in Tanzania,” Marketing Science 36, no. 6 (November 2017): 815–37, https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1027.</p> <div id="ftn1"> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a> The Global Findex Database 2018: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Uganda.pdf.</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" id="_ftn2"><sup><sup>[5]</sup></sup></a> Ibid.</p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title="" id="_ftn3"><sup><sup>[6]</sup></sup></a> Bird, M. &amp; Mazer, R. 2021. Uganda Consumer Protection in Digital Finance Survey. <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/Uganda-Consumer-Survey-Report.pdf">https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/Uganda-Consumer-Survey-Report.pdf</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> April 19, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6581" hreflang="en">Digital Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1976" hreflang="en">Payments</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1906" hreflang="en">Product Pricing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2001" hreflang="en">Remittances</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6411" hreflang="en">Rural Finance</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/109" hreflang="en">Uganda</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/xavier-gine"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Xavier-Gine.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Xavier Giné </div> <div class="title"> World Bank </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/francis-annan"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Francis-Annan.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Francis Annan </div> <div class="title"> University of California, Berkeley </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/anthony-kamwesigye"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Anthony-Kamwesigye-Web_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Anthony Kamwesigye </div> <div class="title"> Associate Research Manager </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/lina-hochhalter"> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Lina Hochhalter </div> <div class="title"> Research Associate </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2021 – 2023</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The price of digital financial services (DFS) can be an obstacle to its adoption and regular use, particularly in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC).In Uganda Innovations for Poverty Actions (IPA) is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions.IPA researchers will test four methods to determine the most cost-effective way to accurately calculate real transaction costs.Results will include a report with the costs of different mobile money transactions and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different methodologies tested.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 19 Apr 2022 19:43:49 +0000 Anonymous 50571 at https://poverty-action.org Measuring the True Cost of Digital Transactions in Tanzania https://poverty-action.org/study/measuring-true-cost-digital-transactions-tanzania <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Measuring the True Cost of Digital Transactions in Tanzania</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 04/19/2022 - 15:29</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>Abstract</h2><p>The price of digital financial services (DFS) can be an obstacle to its adoption and regular use, particularly in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC). In Tanzania Innovations for Poverty Actions (IPA) is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions. IPA researchers will test four methods to determine the most cost-effective way to accurately calculate real transaction costs. Results will include a report with the costs of different mobile money transactions and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different methodologies tested. IPA researchers hope to then scale this index to other contexts.</p> <h2>Policy Issue</h2><p>Digital Financial Services (DFS) allow users to transfer funds quickly and relatively inexpensively across long distances. This allows users to pool risks over dispersed social networks. For example, an individual that suffers a health shock could request assistance from friends and family, even those living far away. Similarly products like mobile money  allow workers to move into more productive occupations in urban centers while sending money home quickly and easily.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a> Despite the benefits, take up of DFS remains low, particularly among vulnerable populations. For example, in Tanzania, only 30 percent of low-income women have an account at a financial institution.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" id="_ftnref2"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a> The price of DFS could be a barrier associated with low adoption. . In Niger and Tanzania, research reveals that demand for mobile money transfers declines as transaction costs increase and vice versa.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title="" id="_ftnref3"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> This finding suggests that costs are critical to improve financial inclusion.</p> <p>However, there are limited efforts to systematically measure and monitor the true cost of conducting common DFS transactions such as person-to-person transfers or cashing out electronic funds. The World Bank's Remittance Prices Worldwide database contains quarterly data on the cost of sending international remittances from 48 sending countries to 105 receiving countries. While this index covers official prices and exchange rate spreads to send money between countries, only smaller projects have measured the cost of certain DFS transactions, perhaps in part because of the complexity of creating a standardized measurement approach.</p> <h2>Context of the Evaluation</h2><p>With an overall mobile money penetration rate of 39 percent<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a> , Tanzania has a relatively mature digital financial service market, though there is significant room for growth. Cost of mobile money has recently been of particular interest in Tanzania as the government’s approach to taxation of mobile money transactions has shifted. Increased taxes, which led to higher costs to consumers, corresponded with a reduction in usage of mobile money services in the country.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" id="_ftnref2"><sup><sup>[5]</sup></sup></a> Additionally, the Bank of Tanzania is <a href="https://www.bot.go.tz/PaymentSystem/Initiatives">introducing an interoperable payment switch</a> that allows for easier transfers between mobile money providers which should lead to a decline in consumer prices for these types of transactions.</p> <p> IPA’s Financial Inclusion Program is conducting <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/blog/serve-poor-better-financial-systems-need-talk-each-other-announcing-new-research-agenda">research into the impacts of these interoperable payment systems</a>, including work in Tanzania which may make use of data collected as part of this study.</p> <h2>Details of the Intervention</h2><p><em>Note: This study is not a randomized trial</em><br /> In Tanzania, IPA is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the impact of monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions. Researchers will capture the real cost of common transactions using the following methods: </p> <ul><li>Mystery shopping: Trained research staff will try to collect and withdraw mobile money at agent locations as if they were normal users.</li> <li>Surveys: Research staff will survey actual users about their experience with mobile money agents. </li> <li>Remote mystery shopping: Trained research staff will transfer money to users and ask them to conduct and record their normal transactions.</li> </ul><p>The research team will also evaluate the cost effectiveness of these methods to determine which approach is better suited to developing a transaction cost index in other countries. In addition, the research team will track official prices publicly listed by financial institutions and follow policies that could affect transaction costs, such as fee caps. </p> <h2>Results and Policy Lessons</h2><p>Research ongoing; results forthcoming.</p> <h2>Sources</h2><div> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a>BMGF, 2021. Research Brief: The Impact of Mobile Money on Poverty. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.<a href="https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/ImpactofMobileMoneyonPoverty_ResearchBrief.pdf">https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/ImpactofMobileMoneyonPoverty_ResearchBrief.pdf</a>.</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" id="_ftn2"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a> The Global Findex Database 2018: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Tanzania.pdf.</p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title="" id="_ftn3"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> Aker, Jenny C., Silvia Prina, and C. Jamilah Welch, 2020. Migration, money transfers, and mobile money: Evidence from Niger." In <em>AEA Papers and Proceedings</em>, vol. 110, pp. 589-93. Nicholas Economides and Przemyslaw Jeziorski, “Mobile Money in Tanzania,” Marketing Science 36, no. 6 (November 2017): 815–37, https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1027.</p> <p> </p> <div id="ftn1"> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a> The Global Findex Database 2018: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolutio <a href="https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Tanzania.pdf">https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Tanzania.pdf</a></p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" id="_ftn2"><sup><sup>[5]</sup></sup></a> GSMA 2021.Tanzania Mobile Money Levy Impact Analysis. https://www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/resources/tanzania-mobile-money-levy-impact-analysis.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> April 19, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6581" hreflang="en">Digital Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1976" hreflang="en">Payments</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1906" hreflang="en">Product Pricing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2001" hreflang="en">Remittances</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6411" hreflang="en">Rural Finance</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/104" hreflang="en">Tanzania</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/xavier-gine"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Xavier-Gine.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Xavier Giné </div> <div class="title"> World Bank </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/francis-annan"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Francis-Annan.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Francis Annan </div> <div class="title"> University of California, Berkeley </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/william-blackmon"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/William-Blackmon_edited.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> William Blackmon </div> <div class="title"> Senior Research Manager, Financial Inclusion Program </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/kyu-khin-gar"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Khu-Khin-Gar.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Kyu Khin Gar </div> <div class="title"> Research Manager </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/veronica-kakengi"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Veronica%20Kakengi.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Veronica Kakengi </div> <div class="title"> Research Associate </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2021 – 2023</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The price of digital financial services (DFS) can be an obstacle to its adoption and regular use, particularly in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC).In Tanzania Innovations for Poverty Actions (IPA) is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions.IPA researchers will test four methods to determine the most cost-effective way to accurately calculate real transaction costs.Results will include a report with the costs of different mobile money transactions and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different methodologies tested.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 19 Apr 2022 19:29:14 +0000 Anonymous 50566 at https://poverty-action.org Measuring the True Cost of Digital Transactions in Bangladesh https://poverty-action.org/study/measuring-true-cost-digital-transactions-bangladesh <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Measuring the True Cost of Digital Transactions in Bangladesh</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 04/19/2022 - 15:21</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>Abstract</h2><p>The price of digital financial services (DFS) can be an obstacle to its adoption and regular use, particularly in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC). In Bangladesh Innovations for Poverty Actions (IPA) is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions. IPA researchers will test four methods to determine the most cost-effective way to accurately calculate real transaction costs. Results will include a report with the costs of different mobile money transactions and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different methodologies tested. IPA researchers hope to then scale this index to other contexts. </p> <h2>Policy Issue</h2><p>Digital Financial Services (DFS) allow users to transfer funds quickly and relatively inexpensively across long distances. This allows users to pool risks over dispersed social networks. For example, an individual that suffers a health shock could request assistance from friends and family, even those living far away. Similarly products like mobile money  allow workers to move into more productive occupations in urban centers while sending money home quickly and easily.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a> Despite the benefits, take up of DFS remains low, particularly among vulnerable populations. For example, in Bangladesh, only 36 percent of women have an account at a financial institution.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" id="_ftnref2"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a> The price of DFS could be a barrier associated with low adoption. . In Niger and Tanzania, research reveals that demand for mobile money transfers declines as transaction costs increase and vice versa.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title="" id="_ftnref3"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> This finding suggests that costs are critical to improve financial inclusion.</p> <p>However, there are limited efforts to systematically measure and monitor the true cost of conducting common DFS transactions such as person-to-person transfers or cashing out electronic funds. The World Bank's Remittance Prices Worldwide database contains quarterly data on the cost of sending international remittances from 48 sending countries to 105 receiving countries. While this index covers official prices and exchange rate spreads to send money between countries, only smaller projects have measured the cost of certain DFS transactions, perhaps in part because of the complexity of creating a standardized measurement approach.</p> <h2>Context of the Evaluation</h2><p>Access to the internet and digital technology has facilitated economic and social growth in Bangladesh. In 2021, 90 million people out of 165 million living in Bangladesh had access to mobile phones, and mobile phones served as the primary means of accessing the internet.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a>  Though Bangladesh  mobile penetration rate – 21percent  in 2018<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" id="_ftnref2"><sup><sup>[5]</sup></sup></a> – is relatively low.</p> <p>Because of its population, Bangladesh has the most mobile money users in the world.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title="" id="_ftnref3"><sup><sup>[6]</sup></sup></a> Furthermore, the use of DFS increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, as mobile technology provided necessary access to connectivity as well as essential services in Bangladesh (namely digital government-to-person payments). For example, a DFS provider reported that in January 2020, around 32 million mobile subscribers were using its platform. This number rose to 45 million subscribers in April 2020, an increase of 40 percent. Despite this increase, most adults in Bangladesh lack mobile money accounts, and many of those that do have accounts use them infrequently.</p> <h2>Details of the Intervention</h2><p><em>Note: This study is not a randomized trial</em></p> <p>In Bangladesh, IPA is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the impact of monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions. Researchers will capture the real cost of common transactions using the following methods: </p> <ul><li>Mystery shopping: Trained research staff will try to collect and withdraw mobile money at agent locations as if they were normal users.</li> <li>Surveys: Research staff will survey actual users about their experience with mobile money agents. </li> <li>Remote mystery shopping: Trained research staff will transfer money to users and ask them to conduct and record their normal transactions.</li> <li>Crowdsourcing: Volunteers will collect costs directly from users via a mobile application.</li> </ul><p>The research team will also evaluate the cost effectiveness of these methods to determine which approach is better suited to developing a transaction cost index in other countries. In addition, the research team will track official prices publicly listed by financial institutions and follow policies that could affect transaction costs, such as fee caps. </p> <h2>Results and Policy Lessons</h2><p>Research ongoing; results forthcoming.</p> <h2>Sources</h2><div> <div id="ftn1"> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a>BMGF, 2021. Research Brief: The Impact of Mobile Money on Poverty. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/ImpactofMobileMoneyonPoverty_ResearchBrief.pdf.</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" id="_ftn2"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a>  The Global Findex Database 2018: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution <a href="https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Bangladesh.pdf">https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Bangladesh.pdf</a>.</p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title="" id="_ftn3"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> Aker, Jenny C., Silvia Prina, and C. Jamilah Welch, 2020. Migration, money transfers, and mobile money: Evidence from Niger." In <em>AEA Papers and Proceedings</em>, vol. 110, pp. 589-93. Nicholas Economides and Przemyslaw Jeziorski, “Mobile Money in Tanzania,” Marketing Science 36, no. 6 (November 2017): 815–37, https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1027.</p> <div id="ftn1"> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a> GSMA,2021. “Achieving mobile-enabled digital inclusion in Bangladesh.”</p> <p><a href="https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Achieving-mobile-enabled-digital-inclusion-in-Bangladesh.pdf">https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Achieving-mobile-enabled-digital-inclusion-in-Bangladesh.pdf</a>.</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" id="_ftn2"><sup><sup>[5]</sup></sup></a> The Global Findex Database 2018: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution <a href="https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Bangladesh.pdf">https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/countrybook/Bangladesh.pdf</a>.</p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title="" id="_ftn3"><sup><sup>[6]</sup></sup></a> Kyle Navis, “And the World Leader in Mobile Money Adoption Is… (Not Where You Think),” Center For Global Development, May 14, 2019, <a href="https://www.cgdev.org/blog/and-world-leader-mobile-money-adoption-not-where-you-think">https://www.cgdev.org/blog/and-world-leader-mobile-money-adoption-not-where-you-think</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> April 19, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6581" hreflang="en">Digital Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1976" hreflang="en">Payments</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1906" hreflang="en">Product Pricing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2001" hreflang="en">Remittances</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6411" hreflang="en">Rural Finance</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/43" hreflang="en">Bangladesh</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/xavier-gine"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Xavier-Gine.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Xavier Giné </div> <div class="title"> World Bank </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/francis-annan"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Francis-Annan.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Francis Annan </div> <div class="title"> University of California, Berkeley </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/rachel-pizatella-haswell"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Pizatella-Haswell_headshot.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Rachel Pizatella-Haswell </div> <div class="title"> Program Manager, Financial Inclusion Program </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/akmam-binte-arif"> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Akmam Binte Arif </div> <div class="title"> Associate Research Analyst </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2021 – 2023</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The price of digital financial services (DFS) can be an obstacle to its adoption and regular use, particularly in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC).In Bangladesh Innovations for Poverty Actions (IPA) is developing a transaction cost index (TCI) to measure the monetary and non-monetary costs of conducting DFS transactions.IPA researchers will test four methods to determine the most cost-effective way to accurately calculate real transaction costs.Results will include a report with the costs of different mobile money transactions and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different methodologies tested.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 19 Apr 2022 19:21:12 +0000 Anonymous 50561 at https://poverty-action.org 2021 Researcher Gathering https://poverty-action.org/2021-researcher-gathering <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">2021 Researcher Gathering</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 10/19/2021 - 18:10</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>On October 27-29, 2021, Innovations for Poverty Action and the <a href="https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/global-poverty-research-lab.aspx" target="_blank">Global Poverty Research Lab (GPRL)</a> at Northwestern University hosted the 2021 Annual Researcher Gathering. The three-day event focused on the following themes with multiple concurrent panels and plenary sessions on each day:</p> <p><strong>Wednesday, October 27th - Consumer Protection Research Forum</strong><br /> Researchers presented and discussed early-stage, in-progress research and working papers addressing key consumer protection risks in financial services: fraud; redress and complaints handling; transparency; consumer choice; and overindebtedness. </p> <p><strong>Thursday, October 28th - Methods and Measurement Conference</strong><br /> The Methods and Measurement Conference was organized by the IPA-Northwestern Research Methods Initiative to provide a platform to discuss recent advances in measurement, under the Initiative’s three strands: Research Design and Analysis, Fieldwork Implementation and Data Collection, and Questionnaire Design and Measurement. </p> <p><strong>Friday, October 29th - Financial Inclusion and Social Protection Gathering</strong><br /> Researchers presented and discussed early results and recent working papers on financial inclusion and social inclusion research, including new work on digital credit, wages &amp; household finance, digital finance adoption, and more.</p> <p>The event was an opportunity for IPA and GPRL to bring together researchers from across the globe to discuss new research, share ideas, and facilitate researcher networking. Additionally, many researchers received valuable feedback on their work. You can read the schedule of presentations below.</p> <div class="field-city"> <h2>City</h2> Online</div> <div class="field-country"> <h2>Country</h2> United States</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/events" hreflang="en">Events</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-748046"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2021-Researcher-Gathering-Schedule.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="" title="" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/748046-2021-Researcher-Gathering-Schedule.png?itok=13vtjXMR" width="371" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-start-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-start-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event Start Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-10-27T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 10/27/2021 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-end-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-end-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event End Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-10-27T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 10/27/2021 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>On October 27-29, 2021, Innovations for Poverty Action and the Global Poverty Research Lab (GPRL) at Northwestern University hosted the 2021 Annual Researcher Gathering.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 19 Oct 2021 22:10:34 +0000 Anonymous 48586 at https://poverty-action.org Methods Note: Assessing Repeated and Rescheduled Attempts in Random Digit Dial Surveys https://poverty-action.org/publication/methods-note-assessing-repeated-and-rescheduled-attempts-random-digit-dial-surveys <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Methods Note: Assessing Repeated and Rescheduled Attempts in Random Digit Dial Surveys</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 10/07/2021 - 10:54</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>A central challenge to telephone surveys is low response rates. This is particularly true for random digit dial (RDD) surveys, which have especially low response rates. For researchers designing RDD survey protocols, there is a clear tradeoff between effort and composition, where surveys can achieve a higher response rate by calling fewer numbers repeatedly or by calling more numbers less intensively. This brief explores this tradeoff by measuring the effects of (i) repeated attempts per case, and (ii) rescheduling a call, on completion rates and sample composition. Using data from nine low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we find that repeated and rescheduled attempts result in lower completion rates than new attempts, on average. However, the respondents who complete the survey in later attempts or after rescheduling have statistically significant differences in observable characteristics. This suggests that more call attempts may be needed to adequately represent the respondents who are harder to interview, even if those call attempts produce fewer completions per case.</p><p>This paper was originally posted <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3929628" target="_blank">on the SSRN website</a>.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> September 27, 2021 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/publications" hreflang="en">Publications</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9706" hreflang="en">COVID-19</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-publication-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-publication-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-publication-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-publication-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Publication Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9871" hreflang="en">Phone Survey Methods Resource</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-author--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/andrew-dillon"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dillon_Andrew.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Andrew Dillon </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/steven-glazerman"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Steve-Glazerman-Web.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Steven Glazerman </div> <div class="title"> Chief Research &amp; Methodology Officer and Director, Research Methods Initiative </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/michael-rosenbaum"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Michael-Rosenbaum_updated.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Michael Rosenbaum </div> <div class="title"> Research Methods &amp; Data Coordinator </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/biljana-bogicevic"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Biljana.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Biljana Bogicevic </div> <div class="title"> Senior Research and Data Analyst </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-747276"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/publications/Assessing-Repeated-and-Rescheduled-Attempts-in-Random-Digit-Dial-Surveys.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/747276-Assessing-Repeated-and-Rescheduled-Attempts-in-Random-Digit-Dial-Surveys.png?itok=cZMKpjvN" width="371" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item">A central challenge to telephone surveys is low response rates.This is particularly true for random digit dial (RDD) surveys, which have especially low response rates.For researchers designing RDD survey protocols, there is a clear tradeoff between effort and composition, where surveys can achieve a higher response rate by calling fewer numbers repeatedly or by calling more numbers less intensively.This brief explores this tradeoff by measuring the effects of (i) repeated attempts per case, and (ii) rescheduling a call, on completion rates and sample composition.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Thu, 07 Oct 2021 14:54:21 +0000 Anonymous 48396 at https://poverty-action.org Methods Note: Optimal Timing for Random Digit Dialing https://poverty-action.org/publication/methods-note-optimal-timing-random-digit-dialing <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Methods Note: Optimal Timing for Random Digit Dialing</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 10/07/2021 - 10:41</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>We examine optimal time of day and day of week for conducting random digit dial (RDD) surveys in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Different types of survey respondents have competing time demands that influence when they are likely to be able and willing to answer the phone and complete an interview. In this brief, we consider whether there is a best time of day or day of week for improving survey response rates and sample representativeness based on RDD surveys in nine countries. We restrict our analysis to first attempt calls, which function like a randomized experiment. We find that midday calls produce a slightly higher survey completion rate on average than morning calls across the set of nine countries we studied. Evening calls have the lowest survey completion rate. For days of week, there is no evidence of a statistically significant difference in completion rates. We find some evidence that calls earlier in the week have higher contact rates than those made later in the week and that calls made in the evening have lower contact rates than those made earlier in the day. We do not find evidence that the time of day or day of week of the first attempt affects the composition of the sample. It may be meaningfully cost-effective to increase effort during certain time periods when productivity is highest.</p><p>This paper was originally posted <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3875808" target="_blank">on the SSRN website</a>.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> June 30, 2021 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/publications" hreflang="en">Publications</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9706" hreflang="en">COVID-19</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9561" hreflang="en">Methods &amp; Measurement</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-publication-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-publication-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-publication-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-publication-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Publication Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9871" hreflang="en">Phone Survey Methods Resource</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-author--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/andrew-dillon"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dillon_Andrew.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Andrew Dillon </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/steven-glazerman"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Steve-Glazerman-Web.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Steven Glazerman </div> <div class="title"> Chief Research &amp; Methodology Officer and Director, Research Methods Initiative </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/michael-rosenbaum"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Michael-Rosenbaum_updated.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Michael Rosenbaum </div> <div class="title"> Research Methods &amp; Data Coordinator </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-747271"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/publications/Optimal-Timing-for-Random-Digit-Dialing.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/747271-Optimal-Timing-for-Random-Digit-Dialing.png?itok=Z_49O-Zw" width="371" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item">We examine optimal time of day and day of week for conducting random digit dial (RDD) surveys in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Different types of survey respondents have competing time demands that influence when they are likely to be able and willing to answer the phone and complete an interview.In this brief, we consider whether there is a best time of day or day of week for improving survey response rates and sample representativeness based on RDD surveys in nine countries.We restrict our analysis to first attempt calls, which function like a randomized experiment.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Thu, 07 Oct 2021 14:41:55 +0000 Anonymous 48391 at https://poverty-action.org