India https://poverty-action.org/ en Do Flexible Credit and Savings Products Enhance Small Enterprise Performance in India? https://poverty-action.org/study/do-flexible-credit-and-savings-products-enhance-small-enterprise-performance-india <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Do Flexible Credit and Savings Products Enhance Small Enterprise Performance in India?</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/5" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="mpodesta@poverty-action.org">mpodesta@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 11/13/2023 - 13:56</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>Funded by IPA’s Financial Inclusion Program, researchers collaborated with Chaitanya WISE to conduct a randomized evaluation to measure the impact of savings promoting and flexible loan products on business and household outcomes for women small enterprise owners.</strong></p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for approximately 90 percent of all businesses worldwide. Many of these enterprises depend on microcredit. However, these microloans can have inflexible repayment schedules and high interest rates, limiting SME owners’ ability to save and grow their firms. This is especially the case for women SME owners, who often face external demands on their earnings. In India, some women SME owners use short-term loans from either moneylenders or wholesalers at interest rates that range from one to ten percent per day, which can reduce profits and inhibit firm expansion significantly.<sup>1</sup> Moreover, these high borrowing costs can prevent them from accessing credit in the first place. </p> <p>Researchers worked with Chaitanya WISE—a community-based microfinance institution in Maharashtra state supporting women SME owners—to conduct a randomized evaluation to measure the impact of savings promoting and flexible loan products. These loans offered increased flexibility in borrowing and repayment schedules, as well as an offsetting locked savings account that allowed clients to build up savings while reducing interest rates on their loans. A total of 3,351 women market vendors were randomly assigned to the following groups:</p> <ul><li><strong>Term loan:</strong> Chaitanya offered traditional term loans to women for a fixed tenure. The repayment plan was inflexible and pre-specified in the loan agreement.</li> <li><strong>Cash credit loan:</strong> Women were offered the Chaitanya Cash Credit flexible loan product. The product allowed borrowers to vary repayment and access additional credit if needed during the loan period, up to the agreed limit. </li> <li><strong>Term loan with locked savings account:</strong> Women were offered a term loan with a linked locked savings account. Loan repayments were put into the locked savings account rather than using the repayments to reduce the clients’ debt burden. Clients’ level of gross debt, therefore, remained the same as repayments were made, but their net debt reduced. </li> <li><strong>Cash credit loan with linked flexible savings account:</strong> Women were offered a cash credit loan and a linked flexible savings account.</li> </ul><p>Researchers are conducting surveys and collecting data from Chaitanya to evaluate whether loan flexibility increases firm profit, drives firm expansion, and impacts household welfare. They are also examining whether self-sufficiency loans that encourage savings and improve self-financing, but against which clients can borrow, can spur firms' capital accumulation and growth. Finally, researchers are comparing the loan repayment rates across the group to assess profitability of the cash credit loans and locked savings accounts.</p> <p>Results will be available in 2024.</p> <h2>Sources</h2> <p><sup>1.</sup> Ananth, Bindu, Dean Karlan, and Sendhil Mullainathan. Microentrepreneurs and their money: Three anomalies. Working paper, 2007.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><hr /><h1>Implementing Partner</h1> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- 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field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default.html.twig x field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-donor-repeater-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Donor Repeater Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-11/242244756_1927612567416599_8306556203748036552_n.jpg" alt="Chaitanya WISE"> </div> <span> Chaitanya WISE </span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-lead-photo--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-lead-photo--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-lead-photo--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-lead-photo.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-lead-photo field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Lead Photo</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1991" hreflang="en">Product Design</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2061" hreflang="en">Women &amp; Girls</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/michael-king"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Michael-King.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Michael King </div> <div class="title"> Trinity College Dublin </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/william-jack"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/billy_jack_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> William Jack </div> <div class="title"> Georgetown University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/10964" hreflang="en">In Progress</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2271" hreflang="en">Randomized Evaluation</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-region--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-region.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Region</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/301" hreflang="en">Asia and Oceania</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item"> 3,351 female small enterprise owners</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2019-2021</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Mon, 13 Nov 2023 18:56:22 +0000 mpodesta@poverty-action.org 53499 at https://poverty-action.org Does Self-Perception Affect Consumers’ Willingness to Seek Redress? https://poverty-action.org/blog/does-self-perception-affect-consumers%E2%80%99-willingness-seek-redress <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Does Self-Perception Affect Consumers’ Willingness to Seek Redress?</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/6" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="rnastiti@poverty-action.org">rnastiti@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 04/20/2023 - 15:04</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>In the 1980s, economist Amartya Sen posited his <em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Commodities_and_Capabilities/v4WxQgAACAAJ?hl=en">capabilities approach</a></em> to understanding human development and welfare. Sen emphasized that increasing welfare requires not only providing access to resources (like education, healthcare, and financial services), but also ensuring individuals have the confidence, agency, and capability to make their own decisions about how (if at all) to use those resources.</p> <p>In the context of financial inclusion, a capabilities approach would ensure that financial services are not only made available to all, but that individuals have the social, economic, and psychological means to use these services, raise complaints (often called grievance redressal), and resolve disputes. In India, we set out to test this dynamic: whether people’s beliefs about their agency influenced their attitudes toward digital financial services (DFS). While digital platforms have brought more people into the formal financial market, the welfare impact of financial services also relies on people’s ability to navigate the financial system, belief that the system is fair, and willingness to seek redressal.</p> <p>In 2022, we conducted a survey in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India to examine this very dynamic — could <strong>internal</strong> factors like perceived agency drive differences in consumers’ willingness to seek redress? We asked: would women be less likely than men to try to fix a problem in a digital transaction because they believe they have less control over their lives? We also examined how <strong>external</strong> factors like social norms could affect redressal behavior by posing the question: would women be less likely than men to try to fix a problem because of norms that women who attempt to solve digital finance-related problems should fear retribution?</p> <p>Along with our colleague <a href="https://csbc.org.in/pavan-mamidi.php">Pavan Mamidi</a>, we asked women who already use digital financial services through smartphones how they behave when something goes wrong with a transaction. In total we asked 13 interviewees qualitative questions and conducted a survey in which 230 women responded. We specifically asked questions to understand if the following concepts impacted women’s decisions to seek grievance redressal differently than men:</p> <ul><li>Locus of control: beliefs about what controls the course of one's life – either primarily one's own thoughts and actions (known as internal locus of control) or external circumstances (external locus of control) (<a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-19211-001">Rotter 1966</a>). Someone with an external locus of control could easily assume that it wouldn’t be worth resolving an issue if their bad luck created the problem in the first place.</li> <li>Self-efficacy: belief in our ability to meet the challenges ahead of us and complete a task (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0146640278900024">Bandura 1977</a>). Greater self-efficacy should correspond with a higher likelihood of pursuing grievance redressal.</li> <li>Fatalism: the belief that human lives are predestined and not influenced by individual actions. A highly fatalistic person might believe that having a DFS problem is their destiny and can’t be resolved.</li> </ul><p>Here’s what we found:</p> <ol><li> <p>Out of the three factors, <strong>men and women only differed regarding the locus of control</strong>. While women and men answered similarly regarding self-efficacy and fatalism, female respondents reported significantly lower internal locus of control than men. In other words, <strong>women feel they have less control over their lives than men</strong>. We also observed that a lower internal locus of control is not necessarily associated with lower self-efficacy, as people believe that destiny favors those who work hard.</p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img align-center"><img alt="Figure 1: Predictors of Grievance Redressal" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="024828d8-e205-48c2-b0ab-b94d147b3cfc" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/04072023%20Barnhart%20Argawal%20DFS%20Grievence%20Blog%20visual_0.jpg" width="968" height="604" loading="lazy" /><figcaption><em>Figure 1: Predictors of  Grievance Redressal</em></figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --></li> <li> <p><strong>Women have less knowledge of how to resolve DFS complaints, but that didn’t impact their trust in DFS.</strong> Knowledge of DFS redressal mechanisms among our respondents was generally low, but women scored significantly lower than men. The mean score for women was 2.54 out of 4; for men, it was 2.7 out of 4. Despite this lack of knowledge, there was no difference in trust in DFS between women and men. This may be due to the fact that we only surveyed people who already use finance apps.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Women and men feel the same about reporting DFS issues.</strong> Men in our sample reported a higher perceived norm that their community respects people for seeking redress. Despite this, women and men have similar attitudes in favor of reporting issues they faced while using DFS (80% and 79%, respectively). They also equally feel a sense of unfairness if they encounter problems. While reports of handling past problems on one’s own were similar between men and women, women were significantly more likely than men to ask their family or friends to help solve their DFS-related problems (women sought redressal through family/friends for 39% of their DFS-related problems, while men did this for 32% of their problems).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Household and community norms of retribution for making mistakes influence women’s likelihood of seeking redressal on their own.</strong> Women in our sample who reported a higher perceived norm of receiving family backlash for experiencing DFS-related issues were less likely to seek redressal on their own. Conversely, women who reported a higher awareness of DFS among women in their community were more likely to seek redressal on their own, indicating that perceived norms drive differences in behavior.</p> </li> <li><strong>There’s no significant correlation between the three psychological traits and an individual’s likelihood of seeking redressal on their own.</strong> However, our analysis found that locus of control strongly influenced the sample’s likelihood of preferring to ask others for help and doing nothing in response to problems (over seeking redressal independently). Particularly among women, those who reported the belief that other individuals and chance influence the course of their life were more likely to ask others for help with their problems. Conversely, women with a higher internal locus of control were less likely to be inactive in response to their problems.</li> </ol><p>Our data uncover far more similarities than differences by gender among existing DFS users. This finding surprised us, but hindsight provides two plausible explanations. An existing field of research is investigating if technology empowers women, meaning internet access could have increased women’s agency in line with men’s (<a href="https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/230281588169110691/Digital-Financial-Services.pdf">Pazarbasioglu et al 2020</a>; <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20200705">Field et al 2021</a>). Perhaps, a more plausible explanation for rural Uttar Pradesh and Bihar is that only women with high agency could access smartphones and use DFS, and therefore be part of this research. In this case, service providers and regulators as well as researchers should be aware that women who already use DFS are unlikely to represent all women. For example, women who are not as confident as these early adopters may need specific assistance to prevent and solve problems when they arise.</p> <p>As a result, the next question we need to answer is whether agency and confidence prevent women from even using digital financial services in the first place, and if they do, find ways to increase these internal motivators of behavior. To make sure formal financial services yield the biggest impact, researchers need to better understand how women’s agency and locus of control can help or hinder the efficacy of financial products.</p> <p><em>This <a href="https://poverty-action.org/strengthening-womens-confidence-dealing-consumer-complaints-india">study</a> was funded by Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)’s Consumer Protection Research Initiative.</em></p> <p> </p> <p>Cover Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@charanjeet_dhiman?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Charanjeet Dhiman</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/mHusyBu4bxM?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a></p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/10915" hreflang="en">Blogs</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6581" hreflang="en">Digital Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1886" hreflang="en">Financial Capability</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6411" hreflang="en">Rural Finance</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-region--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-region.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Region</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/301" hreflang="en">Asia and Oceania</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-author--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/sharon-barnhardt"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/sharon_barnhardt_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Sharon Barnhardt </div> <div class="title"> Ashoka University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/aayush-agarwal"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-04/Aayush%20Argawal.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Aayush Agarwal </div> <div class="title"> Centre for Social and Behaviour Change, Ashoka University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-04/Women%20in%20Call%20Center%20Charanjeet%20Dhiman%20Unsplash.png" width="1024" height="683" alt="A woman in a call center in India" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-start-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-start-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event Start Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2023-04-20T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 04/20/2023 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-end-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-end-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event End Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2023-04-20T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 04/20/2023 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 20 Apr 2023 19:04:39 +0000 rnastiti@poverty-action.org 53149 at https://poverty-action.org Aayush Agarwal https://poverty-action.org/people/aayush-agarwal <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--title--template-d.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Aayush Agarwal</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-d.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/6" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="rnastiti@poverty-action.org">rnastiti@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--created--template-d.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 04/20/2023 - 14:59</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-d-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-d-blocks--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-d-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-template-d-blocks--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-template-d-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-d-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-d-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-d-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template D Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb06-bio--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb06-bio.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb06-bio.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb06-bio paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section> <div class="frame"> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="img-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-04/Aayush%20Argawal.jpg" alt="Aayush"> </div> <div class="meta"> <h1> <span class="notranslate">Aayush Agarwal</span> </h1> <p class="position-title"> Centre for Social and Behaviour Change, Ashoka University </p> <p class="position-title aff-title"> </p> <div class="social"> </div> <div class="intro"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-bio-info--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-bio-info--cb06-bio.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-bio-info.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb06-bio.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-bio-info--cb06-bio.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-bio-info.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb06-bio.html.twig * field--default--field-bio-info.html.twig * field--default--cb06-bio.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-bio-info.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-bio-info field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Bio Info</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Associate and Lab Manager at Centre for Social and Behaviour Change</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb06-bio.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-bio-country--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-bio-country--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-bio-country.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-bio-country--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-bio-country.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--field-bio-country.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-bio-country.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-country field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Bio Country</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-bio-program-area--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-bio-program-area--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-bio-program-area.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-bio-program-area--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-bio-program-area.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--field-bio-program-area.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-bio-program-area.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-program-area field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Bio Program Area</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-first-name--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-first-name--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-first-name.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-first-name--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-first-name.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--field-first-name.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-first-name.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-first-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">First Name</div> <div class="field__item">Aayush </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-last-name--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-last-name--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-last-name.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-last-name--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-last-name.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--field-last-name.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-last-name.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-last-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Last Name</div> <div class="field__item">Agarwal</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-inactive--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-inactive--template-d.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-inactive.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-inactive--template-d.html.twig * field--node--field-inactive.html.twig * field--node--template-d.html.twig * field--rss--field-inactive.html.twig * field--rss--template-d.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-inactive.html.twig * field--boolean.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-inactive field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Inactive</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 20 Apr 2023 18:59:18 +0000 rnastiti@poverty-action.org 53148 at https://poverty-action.org Combating Fraudulent Financial Technologies with Machine Learning https://poverty-action.org/study/combating-fraudulent-financial-technologies-with-machine-learning <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Combating Fraudulent Financial Technologies with Machine Learning</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/5" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="mpodesta@poverty-action.org">mpodesta@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 04/17/2023 - 13:44</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Over the past decade, predatory and fraudulent practices in digital finance and financial technology have increased. With the increasing share of the global population using mobile devices for financial services, there are ongoing concerns about problematic providers targeting users with limited digital financial service literacy to exploit vulnerable households and businesses. The scale of this problem has been heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic. This not only harms consumers but can lead to mistrust of digital finance and delay financial inclusion efforts. </p> <p>Machine learning — a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows software applications to become more accurate at predicting outcomes without being explicitly programmed to do so — shows promise in mitigating fraudulent financial technologies by analyzing available data collected regularly on the app stores to create a system for flagging and reporting highly suspicious apps. To demonstrate this, researchers drew on available data on Google finance apps for 63 countries covering from 2020 to mid-2021 to document the prevalence of such problematic apps and test the efficacy of such methods. Focusing on personal loan apps, they tested two approaches for labeling problematic apps in a training dataset as falling into several suspect and legitimate classes using: 1) manual classification and 2) classification based on market-specific guidance. They then set up models to predict the propensity of apps in a separate test dataset to be predatory or fraudulent, drawing on both static and real-time signals from the apps’ metadata as well as those provided in the user review data. For both approaches, they benchmarked their models’ general accuracy against actual app removals.</p> <p>Overall, machine learning techniques demonstrated an ability to create a system for efficiently and accurately flagging and reporting apps with suspicious behaviors, particularly in separating between “likely legitimate” and “likely suspect” apps. However, model accuracy was somewhat lower when differentiating more granular categories –e.g., between “pure fraud” and “predatory” cases. Different machine learning model set-ups were found to have some influence on predictive accuracy. While these results indicate further fine-tuning is necessary, they also suggest that using an ensemble of approaches may be useful in successfully identifying suspect apps of interest. Altogether, results show that machine learning — even when requiring manual review to protect against false positives or fine tuning — can considerably reduce the burden of regulators manual verification of new finance apps. This can also speed up the rate at which suspicious apps can be flagged and removed from app stores.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/95" hreflang="en">Philippines</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/90" hreflang="en">Nigeria</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/jonathan-fu"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/fu-jonathan.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Jonathan Fu </div> <div class="title"> University of Zurich </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/mrinal-mishra"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/mishra-mrinal.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Mrinal Mishra </div> <div class="title"> University of Zurich </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/22" hreflang="en">Results</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2296" hreflang="en">Other</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2021-2022</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-753796"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-04/fu_mishra_combatting%20fraudulent_and_predatory_fintech_policy_brief_2022_02_10_revised.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="Policy Brief" title="Policy Brief" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/753796-fu_mishra_combatting%20fraudulent_and_predatory_fintech_policy_brief_2022_02_10_revised.png?itok=WsUaYWh8" width="339" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <span class="pdfpreview-image-description"><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-04/fu_mishra_combatting%20fraudulent_and_predatory_fintech_policy_brief_2022_02_10_revised.pdf">Policy Brief</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-753955"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Combatting-Fraudulent-and-Predatory-Fintech-Apps-with-Machine-Learning-Policy-Brief-Fu-Mishra-Feb-2022-Project-Page.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="Working Paper" title="Working Paper" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/753955-Combatting-Fraudulent-and-Predatory-Fintech-Apps-with-Machine-Learning-Policy-Brief-Fu-Mishra-Feb-2022-Project-Page.png?itok=68iSiEAC" width="339" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <span class="pdfpreview-image-description"><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Combatting-Fraudulent-and-Predatory-Fintech-Apps-with-Machine-Learning-Policy-Brief-Fu-Mishra-Feb-2022-Project-Page.pdf">Working Paper</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Mon, 17 Apr 2023 17:44:52 +0000 mpodesta@poverty-action.org 53139 at https://poverty-action.org Vox Highlights IPA Research on Ultra Poor Graduation https://poverty-action.org/news/vox-highlights-ipa-research-ultra-poor-graduation <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Vox Highlights IPA Research on Ultra Poor Graduation</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 06/29/2022 - 13:04</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>A Vox article on the relative pros and cons of the ultra poor graduation model cites two IPA studies: <a href="/study/promoting-productive-inclusion-and-resilience-national-safety-nets-four-country-evaluation" target="_blank">one in Niger</a> on the impact of providing women with both financial and psychosocial support; and a <a href="/publication/multifaceted-program-causes-lasting-progress-very-poor" target="_blank">large-scale study</a> of graduation programs in <a href="/study/graduating-ultra-poor-ethiopia" target="_blank">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/study/graduating-ultra-poor-ghana" target="_blank">Ghana</a>, <a href="http://study/graduating-ultra-poor-honduras" target="_blank">Honduras</a>, <a href="/study/graduating-ultra-poor-india" target="_blank">India</a>, <a href="/study/graduating-ultra-poor-pakistan" target="_blank">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/study/graduating-ultra-poor-peru" target="_blank">Peru</a>. Reflecting on the long-term impact of these types of studies, <a href="/people/christopher-blattman" target="_blank">Chris Blattman</a> notes: “In many cash transfer studies, effects dissipate over time not because the initial impact wasn’t large, but because the control group caught up."</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> June 30, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news" hreflang="en">News</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1821" hreflang="en">Cash Transfers</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2841" hreflang="en">Human Capital &amp; Skills</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2016" hreflang="en">Microenterprise</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2006" hreflang="en">Savings</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2031" hreflang="en">Training &amp; Mentoring</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2041" hreflang="en">Ultra Poor</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2061" hreflang="en">Women &amp; Girls</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/62" hreflang="en">Ethiopia</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/17" hreflang="en">Ghana</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/67" hreflang="en">Honduras</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/91" hreflang="en">Pakistan</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/94" hreflang="en">Peru</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/109" hreflang="en">Uganda</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-news-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/201" hreflang="en">Media Coverage</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-link--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-link.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Article Link - For News Pages ONLY</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23152657/poverty-cash-graduation-ultra-poor-brac">https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23152657/poverty-cash-graduation-ultra-poor-…</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 29 Jun 2022 17:04:07 +0000 Anonymous 51306 at https://poverty-action.org Strengthening Women's Confidence in Dealing with Consumer Complaints in India https://poverty-action.org/study/strengthening-womens-confidence-dealing-with-consumer-complaints-india <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Strengthening Women&#039;s Confidence in Dealing with Consumer Complaints in India</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 06/14/2022 - 10:26</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>One-sentence abstract: Funded by IPA, researchers at the Centre for Social and Behaviour Change at Ashoka University in India conducted surveys to evaluate the impact of intrinsic factors such as locus of control, self-efficacy, and fatalism on how women consumers manage redress issues with their digital financial services providers.</strong></p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>India’s strong digital financial services market has played a significant part in boosting financial inclusion in rural regions where formal banking is less prevalent.[1] However, the process of redress—raising complaints and having them listened to and addressed by providers—is often slow and challenging, leading many consumers to not seek it out.[2] In particular, the incidence of women taking redress action is low, perhaps as a result of contending with structural economic and social barriers that can limit their financial inclusion. </p> <p>Researchers at the Centre for Social and Behaviour Change at Ashoka University conducted surveys with 231 men and 230 women digital financial services consumers in rural Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. They examined the roles of intrinsic factors such as locus of control (beliefs about what controls the course of one’s life), self-efficacy, and fatalism in how women perceive and manage redress issues when they arise. Outcomes of interest included redress knowledge, attitudes towards redress after doing it, and redress behavior in the future.</p> <p>Results showed that men and women had similar levels of self-efficacy and fatalism when approaching redress, but women had lower levels of internal locus of control (i.e., a perception of less control over their lives) compared to men. Men and women were equally in favor of reporting issues and feeling unfairness when encountering problems. Men (2.7 out of 4) scored significantly higher than women (2.54 out of 4) on a knowledge quiz about digital financial services redressal. </p> <p>Perceived norms appeared to drive redress behavior for women: They were more likely than men to ask their family or friends to help with redress, doing so for 39 percent of their problems compared to 32 percent for men. Relatedly, women who reported a higher perceived norm of receiving family backlash for experiencing issues were less likely to seek redressal on their own. In contrast, women who reported a higher awareness of digital financial services among women in their community were more likely to seek redressal on their own.</p> <p>These results will inform future interventions about ways to strengthen women’s confidence and experiences in using digital financial services.</p> <h2>Sources</h2> <p>1. Dilip Modi, “Success of digital financial services rests on rural India’s shift from cash to digital payments economy,” Financial Express, February 7, 2021</p> <p>https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/cafe-sme/success-of-digital-financial-services-rests-on-rural-indias-shift-from-cash-to-digital-payments-economy/2189985/</p> <p>2. Chatterjee, Samiha, Women’s Financial Inclusion in Digital India: Need for Gender Thrust, 17, accessed February 15, 2022 https://sprf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/SPRF-2021_IB_Gender-and-Financial-Inclusion.pdf</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><hr /><h1>Research Partners</h1> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> 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<!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-donor-repeater-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default.html.twig x field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-donor-repeater-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Donor Repeater Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a href="https://csbc.org.in/"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-08/2%20%281%29.png" alt="CSBC Ashoka University"> </div> <span> Centre for Social and Behaviour Change (CSBC), Ashoka University </span> </a> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> August 04, 2023 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb12-mixed-related-content paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="cb12 hide-links "> <div class="frame v2"> <div class="content-wrap"> <h2>Related Content</h2> <div class="cb12-feat-articles v2 cb12-2col"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-main-post--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-main-post--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-main-post.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-post--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-post.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig x field--default--field-main-post.html.twig * field--default--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-main-post.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--default--field-main-post.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-post field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Main Post</div> <div class="large-article cb12-article"> <div class="cb12-feat-article cb12-article"> <a href="/blog/does-self-perception-affect-consumers%E2%80%99-willingness-seek-redress"> <div class="img-wrapper"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-04/Women%20in%20Call%20Center%20Charanjeet%20Dhiman%20Unsplash.png')"> </div> </div> <div class="button tag rounded tag-Blogs"> BLOGS </div> <p>Does Self-Perception Affect Consumers’ Willingness to Seek Redress?</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--default--field-main-post.html.twig' --> <div class="cb12-rows one-col"> <div class="cb12-row-2 last-col"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="news_filter" class="cb12-discover-more"> <p>Discover more from IPA</p> <a class="button rounded tag study" href="/our-studies">View All Studies</a> <a class="button rounded tag news" href="/ipa-news">View All News</a> <a class="button rounded tag blog" href="/ipa-blog">View All Blogs</a> <a class="button rounded tag event" href="/ipa-events">View All Events</a> <a class="button rounded tag publication" href="/our-publications">View All Publications</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 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class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6581" hreflang="en">Digital Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1976" hreflang="en">Payments</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/aayush-agarwal"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-04/Aayush%20Argawal.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Aayush Agarwal </div> <div class="title"> Centre for Social and Behaviour Change, Ashoka University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/sharon-barnhardt"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/sharon_barnhardt_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Sharon Barnhardt </div> <div class="title"> Ashoka University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/pavan-mamidi"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/pavan-mamidi.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Pavan Mamidi </div> <div class="title"> Centre for Social and Behaviour Change, Ashoka University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/22" hreflang="en">Results</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2276" hreflang="en">Pilot</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item">461 digital financial services users</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2021-2022</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-754381"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-vnd-openxmlformats-officedocument-presentationml-presentation file--x-office-presentation"> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-08/IPA%20WCP%20Deck%20for%20Publication%20%282%29.pptx" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation" title="IPA WCP Deck for Publication (2).pptx">IPA WCP Deck for Publication</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> <span class="pdfpreview-image-description"><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-08/IPA%20WCP%20Deck%20for%20Publication%20%282%29.pptx">IPA WCP Deck for Publication</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Structural barriers including discrimination, gender-specific social and personal stigma, lower economic mobility and access to technology, and individual barriers including low self-efficacy and external locus of control (i.e., outcomes based on luck or chance), are among the challenges that can discourage women from resolving disputes with financial service providers when they arise.As a result, this can impede their use of key digital services.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 14 Jun 2022 14:26:41 +0000 Anonymous 51121 at https://poverty-action.org In Science, IPA Researchers Talk COVID Response in LMICs https://poverty-action.org/news/science-ipa-researchers-talk-covid-response-lmics <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">In Science, IPA Researchers Talk COVID Response in LMICs </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 03/29/2022 - 14:38</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>Science</em>'s policy forum includes reflections from several prominent IPA-affiliated researchers on the impacts of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and how to best address them. IPA's <a href="/people/shana-warren" target="_blank">Shana Warren</a> writes about higher willingness to get COVID vaccines in LMICs compared to high-income countries, including <a href="/study/covid-19-vaccine-acceptance-and-hesitancy-low-and-middle-income-countries" target="_blank">a large-scale survey</a> conducted by IPA and over 30 other institutions of nearly 45,000 people in 12 countries.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> March 31, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news" hreflang="en">News</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * 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field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9706" hreflang="en">COVID-19</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/48" hreflang="en">Burkina Faso</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/53" hreflang="en">Colombia</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/84" hreflang="en">Mozambique</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/87" hreflang="en">Nepal</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/90" hreflang="en">Nigeria</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/91" hreflang="en">Pakistan</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/96" hreflang="en">Russia</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Rwanda</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/100" hreflang="en">Sierra Leone</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/109" hreflang="en">Uganda</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/112" hreflang="en">United States</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-news-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/201" hreflang="en">Media Coverage</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-link--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-link.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Article Link - For News Pages ONLY</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo4089">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo4089</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 29 Mar 2022 18:38:00 +0000 Anonymous 50351 at https://poverty-action.org Understanding the Emerging Micropensions Market in India https://poverty-action.org/study/understanding-emerging-micropensions-market-india <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Understanding the Emerging Micropensions Market in India</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 12/13/2021 - 15:23</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>Abstract</h2><p>Millions of informal sector workers in low- and middle-income countries are excluded from formal pension and social security systems, posing potential economic challenges for old age populations. Micropensions may help to address these challenges—but more information is needed about the demand for these products. In India, researchers conducted a survey examining the emerging micropensions market to better understand the behavioral, economic, and institutional factors that influence participation. A majority (80 percent) of respondents reported interest in the micropension and many valued product design features that would restrict early withdrawals.</p> <h2>Policy Issue</h2><p>In low- and middle-income countries, economic insecurity is a considerable problem for old-age populations. As life expectancies rise and social structures change,  ensuring adequate and secure income flows in the future is a formidable challenge.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a>. Workers in the informal sector, who comprise a vast majority of workers in many countries, are often excluded from financial services, and thus they may face particularly acute challenges in providing for their own retirement. The use of micropensions—products which involve fixed, small voluntary contributions to a savings account over a long period of time and can be designed specifically with informal workers in mind—may help to address this economic insecurity. In theory, micropensions offer low-income workers the ability to contribute to prepare for the future, while maintaining financial health in the present. However, in practice, less is known about demand for micropensions among informal workers, and about the specific product features that may encourage or discourage these workers from adopting them.</p> <h2>Context of the Evaluation</h2><p>In India, 90 percent of workers are employed in the informal sector.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a> Additionally, the share of India’s below-poverty-line population aged 60 or older is expected to increase from 8 percent in 2010 to 19 percent in 2050. Many of these people work in the unorganized sector, and as such, lack the identification and proof of employment documents required for accessing basic financial services. Nevertheless, current research estimates that about 80 million of these workers are capable of saving for retirement and the untapped savings could be worthare around US $2 billion (Shankar and Asher, 2011).<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" id="_ftnref2"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a></p> <p>The Government of India’s National Pension System is designed to reach informal workers, making the country a prime location to study the market for micropensions. A micropension product launched shortly before this evaluation began aimed to provide a safe way for informal sector workers to save routinely for old age.This study was conducted in two districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Fatehpur and Siddharhnagar, which together represent 2.7 percent of the state’s total population and are among its most economically disadvantaged areas. Most survey respondents lived below the poverty line and worked in agriculture, either farming their own land or as laborers on other farms.</p> <div> <div id="ftn2"> </div> </div> <h2>Details of the Intervention</h2><p>In India, researchers conducted a pilot project to examine the demand for, and barriers to adoption of, a  micropension product offered by the government’s National Pension System.  In the two districts in which the study took place, 15 villages that contained at least 50 below-poverty-line households were randomly chosen. The researchers then identified households with a household head under age 60 and randomly assigned half to participate in the study. The study consisted of two separate components, both of which aimed to highlight the behavioral, economic, and institutional factors influencing participation in the emerging micropensions market in India.</p> <p>The first component was a market diagnostic—a survey to understand the supply and demand of micropensions in India. The second component was a lab-based pilot study, in which the researchers conducted a survey to measure the role of various factors in participants’ hypothetical take-up of micropensions. The 770 individuals who participated in this component were split into two groups to test their responses to a variety of product variants.</p> <p>Participants first heard about the basic micropension product already on offer. The product allowed participants to make monthly payments into the micropension until the age of 60, at which point they would begin receiving a monthly payment, or take out up to 60 percent as a one-time payment; the government would also match the participants' contribution at 100 percent for up to five years if the year contribution met a threshold level, and participants could choose to withdraw up to 20 percent before the age of 60.</p> <p>Participants were then randomly assigned to two groups. One group responded to the following three hypotheticals:  </p> <ul><li><strong>Early eligibility: </strong>The same product, but with eligibility beginning at age 55 instead of age 60.</li> <li><strong>Lower match: </strong>This variant would have the government match individuals’ contributions at 50 percent rather than 100 percent.</li> <li><strong>No withdrawal before age 60:</strong> This variant would not allow a withdrawal of any percentage before age 60.</li> </ul><p>The other group responded to a second set of three hypotheticals:</p> <ul><li><strong>Late eligibility: </strong>The same product, but with eligibility at age 65 instead of age 60.</li> <li><strong>Higher match: </strong>This variant would have the government match individuals’ contributions at 150 percent rather than 100 percent.</li> <li><strong>Full withdrawal at age 60: </strong>This variant would allow participants to withdraw the entire pension, instead of 60 percent, as a one-time payment upon turning 60.</li> </ul><p>Researchers  focused on two specific dimensions of participants’ responses: whether they were interested in adopting the products,  and the amount of annual contribution that they expected to make to the product.</p> <h2>Results and Policy Lessons</h2><p>Overall, results suggest that a majority of respondents were interested in micropensions, would be willing to contribute an amount that would cover a portion of expected expenses in old age, and valued restrictions on their abilities to access the pensions until a particular age.</p> <p><strong>Demand for micropensions was substantial.</strong> A majority (80 percent) of respondents reported interest in the micropension, and the amount they were willing to contribute would be enough to cover about 40 percent of their expected old-age consumption.</p> <p><strong>Respondents valued aspects of the product that constrained their ability to make early withdrawals.</strong> Participants were less likely to express interest in adopting the product, and reported smaller hypothetical contributions, when the product had early eligibility and withdrawal features. However, participants responded similarly to  products that were more restrictive (late eligibility,  no early withdrawal) than the baseline product.</p> <p><strong>Respondents contributed more when the government match increased.</strong> Increasing the match rate from 100 to 150 percent did not affect the rate of adoption, but for those who would adopt the micropension, respondents’ hypothetical annual contributions grew by over 10 percent.</p> <p><strong>Results did not differ by participants’ gender.</strong> This suggests that the demand for commitment is likely not driven by frictions in intra-household bargaining.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" id="_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a></p> <h2>Sources</h2><p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a> Bloom, David E., and Eggleston, Karen N. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212828X14000371">“The Economic Implications of Population Ageing in China and India: Introduction to the Special Issue.”</a> <em>Journal of the Economics of Ageing </em>4 (2014), 1–7.</p> <div id="ftn1"> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup></a> Asher, Mukul G., 2009. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228620515_of_India_Pension_Plans_Provident_Fund_Schemes_and_Retirement_Policies_India's_Social_Security_Reform_Imperative">“Pension Plans, Provident Fund Schemes and Retirement Policies: India’s Social Security Reform Imperative.”</a> <em>ASCI Journal of Management </em>39 (1)<em>,</em> 1–18.</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" id="_ftn2"><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> Shankar, Savita, and Asher, Mukul G. 2009. “<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-246X.2011.01390.x">Micro-Pensions in India: Issues and Challenges</a>.” International Social Security Review 64 (2), 1–21.</p> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" id="_ftn1"><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a> Asher, Mukul G., and Shankar, Savita. 2007. “<a href="https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/49153562/Time_to_Mainstream_Micro-Pensions_in_Ind20160927-3364-1lkptjo-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1637951572&amp;Signature=SBmwj24aeygKam5Ebb4K0f4mEs-veZCMR3~X0tKnrMfr~d6T7~Cc5SQb8ozkmFz4hvy1CzXiCc~nm8~g8JA57nV8xD1zeiAGM4pVmcy0lW40PEBOYldC8a24AM66LJqsrqabMJvTeJpLWq-HiFHxkHl84tvT5TDCoGSmgf2blUDOu1h7no~yMlkuJvq4WsgQ01Btkacz~Msy-9ug8zBYNMxft4ykhcWpLT9RWwgcPTp0wuumn2LuhVX2QLBPsk1lP1s8S8Qxu2LRWt0wtOZRpBGkXZlqqxS~ROXxAlzKfwbaeQZkxK-NuolxuSKOpZCY1dbg51flnaD4jDEHOruoqg__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.">Time to Mainstream Micro-Pensions in India.</a>” Working paper.</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> December 13, 2021 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6581" hreflang="en">Digital Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1936" hreflang="en">Information &amp; Communications Technology (ICT)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/olivia-s-mitchell"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Mitchell-Headshot-129x139.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Olivia S. Mitchell </div> <div class="title"> University of Pennsylvania </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/anita-mukherjee"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Mukherjee_Anita_.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Anita Mukherjee </div> <div class="title"> University of Wisconsin–Madison </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item">770 individual</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2012-2014</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Millions of informal sector workers in low- and middle-income countries are excluded from formal pension and social security systems, posing potential economic challenges for old age populations.Micropensions may help to address these challenges—but more information is needed about the demand for these products.In India, researchers conducted a survey examining the emerging micropensions market to better understand the behavioral, economic, and institutional factors that influence participation.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Mon, 13 Dec 2021 20:23:37 +0000 Anonymous 49266 at https://poverty-action.org Webinar | Detecting Fraudulent FinTech Apps https://poverty-action.org/event/webinar-detecting-fraudulent-fintech-apps <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Webinar | Detecting Fraudulent FinTech Apps</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Fri, 10/08/2021 - 15:08</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Social media data is emerging as a tool for consumer protection market monitoring in financial services (see IPA’s multi-country analysis of social media data <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.poverty-action.org/publication/social-media-usage-digital-finance-consumers-analysis-consumer-complaints&amp;amp;source=gmail&amp;amp;ust=1634244549489000&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNHFZFZQqaordlFB2gyjQT9FsIcU_A" href="/social-media-usage-digital-finance-consumers-analysis-consumer-complaints" target="_blank">here</a>). In this webinar, held by Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) on October 20, 2021 researchers <a href="/people/jonathan-fu" target="_blank">Jonathan Fu</a> and <a href="/people/Mrinal-Mishra" target="_blank">Mrinal Mishra</a> shared how they are using machine learning to detect predatory or fraudulent FinTech apps. Utilizing FinTech app information and consumer reviews from the Google Play Store in India, Nigeria, and the Philippines, Fu and Mishra identify common traits that might indicate an app is likely to be a scam app and to build predictive models for improving vetting and monitoring moving forward. Fake FinTech apps are becoming a common risk in financial services, and new solutions like these are needed to help detect and prevent these would-be scammers.</p> <p>Learn more about this study <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.poverty-action.org/study/combating-fraudulent-financial-technologies-with-machine-learning&amp;amp;source=gmail&amp;amp;ust=1634244549489000&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGbr5z1TbE1kYfmZuVLTnXcewA0Qg" href="/combating-fraudulent-financial-technologies-machine-learning" target="_blank">here</a>, and learn more about past events in our Consumer Protection Practitioner's Forum webinar series <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.poverty-action.org/event/consumer-protection-practitioner%25E2%2580%2599s-forum-webinar-series&amp;amp;source=gmail&amp;amp;ust=1634244549489000&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGNQdydj3Y6bL42BhOVCjRniR3vzg" href="/consumer-protection-practitioners-forum-webinar-series" target="_blank">here</a>. <strong>If you are a practitioner</strong> (Regulator, Financial Institution, MFI, consumer organization, multilateral) working on Consumer Protection issues in developing countries and are interested in receiving invitations for this webinar series, kindly <strong>register your interest <a href="https://forms.gle/TN5EexJDfygEyXwW8" target="_blank">here</a></strong>.</p> <h4>Watch the webinar recording below:<br />  </h4> <p><iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TVhvEmu1lJc" width="560"></iframe></p> <div class="field-city"> <h2>City</h2> Webinar</div> <div class="field-country"> <h2>Country</h2> United States</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/events" hreflang="en">Events</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6416" hreflang="en">Consumer Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/90" hreflang="en">Nigeria</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/95" hreflang="en">Philippines</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/jonathan-fu"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/fu-jonathan.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Jonathan Fu </div> <div class="title"> University of Zurich </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/mrinal-mishra"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/mishra-mrinal.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Mrinal Mishra </div> <div class="title"> University of Zurich </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">9:00 - 10:00AM EDT</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-start-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-start-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event Start Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-10-20T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 10/20/2021 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-end-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-end-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event End Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-10-20T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 10/20/2021 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Social media data is emerging as a tool for consumer protection market monitoring in financial services (see IPA’s multi-country analysis of social media data here).In this webinar, held by Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) on October 20, 2021 researchers Jonathan Fu and Mrinal Mishra shared how they are using machine learning to detect predatory or fraudulent FinTech apps.Utilizing FinTech app information and consumer reviews from the Google Play Store in India, Nigeria, and the Philippines, Fu and Mishra identify common traits that might indicate an app is likely to be a scam app and to build predictive models for improving vetting and monitoring moving forward.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Fri, 08 Oct 2021 19:08:06 +0000 Anonymous 48491 at https://poverty-action.org The Guardian on the Urgency of Responding to Viral Diseases in Low-Income Countries https://poverty-action.org/news/guardian-urgency-responding-viral-diseases-low-income-countries <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Guardian on the Urgency of Responding to Viral Diseases in Low-Income Countries</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 08/26/2021 - 18:59</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>A piece in <em>The Guardian </em>argues for the need to prioritize the response to COVID-19 and other viruses in developing countries and cites <a href="/study/covid-19-vaccine-acceptance-and-hesitancy-low-and-middle-income-countries" target="_blank">a survey</a> conducted by IPA and over 30 other institutions which found overall that people in lower-income countries were more interested in getting a COVID vaccine than in the higher-icnome countries studied.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> August 31, 2021 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news" hreflang="en">News</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/176" hreflang="en">Health &amp; Nutrition</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9706" hreflang="en">COVID-19</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/48" hreflang="en">Burkina Faso</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/53" hreflang="en">Colombia</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/68" hreflang="en">India</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/84" hreflang="en">Mozambique</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/87" hreflang="en">Nepal</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/90" hreflang="en">Nigeria</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/91" hreflang="en">Pakistan</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/96" hreflang="en">Russia</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Rwanda</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/100" hreflang="en">Sierra Leone</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/109" hreflang="en">Uganda</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/112" hreflang="en">United States</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-news-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/201" hreflang="en">Media Coverage</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-link--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-link.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Article Link - For News Pages ONLY</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://guardian.ng/features/science/covid-19-challenges-raise-concerns-over-future-funding-for-hiv/">https://guardian.ng/features/science/covid-19-challenges-raise-concerns-over-fu…</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 26 Aug 2021 22:59:12 +0000 Anonymous 47836 at https://poverty-action.org