Livelihoods https://poverty-action.org/ en Productive Asset Transfers and Coaching Can Improve Livelihoods of People in Extreme Poverty in the Philippines https://poverty-action.org/study/productive-asset-transfers-and-coaching-can-improve-livelihoods-people-extreme-poverty <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Productive Asset Transfers and Coaching Can Improve Livelihoods of People in Extreme Poverty in the Philippines</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/5" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="mpodesta@poverty-action.org">mpodesta@pover…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * 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'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cb30-flex-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">CB30 Flex Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-image-caption paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-image-caption"> <div> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/IMG_5346_0.jpg" alt="Livestock in a household participating in the graduation intervention"> </div> <figcaption> <span>In This Image</span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-image-caption--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-image-caption--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-image-caption--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-image-caption.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-image-caption.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sub-image-caption field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Image Caption</div> <div class="field__item">Livestock in a household participating in the graduation intervention ©IPA</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </figcaption> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_image_caption.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><strong>In collaboration with the Philippines Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and BRAC, researchers evaluated the impact and cost-effectiveness of a graduation program that delivered productive asset transfers and coaching individually or in groups. Results showed significant improvements in livelihood outcomes for participants; group coaching was 30 percent cheaper than individual coaching, suggesting the potential for cost-effective scale-up.</strong></p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Nine percent of the world’s population lives on less than $1.90 per day. People in extreme poverty contend with multiple challenges that make it difficult to improve their livelihoods, including lack of capital and financial education, limited skills and employment opportunities, and poor nutrition. Graduation programs aim to bring households out of extreme poverty by pairing regular cash transfers with a one-time asset, along with training and mentoring to help households build and maintain sustainable income-generating activities to foster continued growth in the long term. </p> <p>From 2017 to 2021, researchers in the Philippines evaluated the overall impact of a BRAC-designed graduation program in Negros Occidental province. Participants in the program, who already received regular cash transfers through the 4Ps program, received productive assets, skills training, business coaching, savings facilitation, and social group mobilization. Productive asset transfers and coaching were delivered either individually or in groups. Researchers measured the impact of these design modifications to determine their potential impacts on cost-effectiveness, a key factor for scaling up the program.</p> <p>Outcomes of interest included impacts on households’ consumption, food security, and accumulation of productive assets one year later. The study reached 2,339 households in 29 barangays (communities). Barangays were divided into four distinct areas and randomly assigned to receive (1) group coaching and group productive asset transfers, (2) group coaching and individual productive asset transfers, (3) individual coaching and individual productive asset transfers, or (4) no support beyond the ongoing cash transfer program. </p> <p>Despite implementation challenges related to government procurement and COVID-19, all versions of the program yielded substantial improvements in consumption, food security, and assets one year after its completion, and they demonstrate high cost-effectiveness relative to similar programs in other contexts (Banerjee et al. 2015). The group coaching arm was roughly 30 percent cheaper than the individual coaching arm. There was no evidence of reduced impacts, suggesting that this modification may be a promising way to cost-effectively scale the program.<br />  <br /> The results will help the Philippines’ Department of Labor and Employment determine the optimal graduation model — particularly with respect to coaching — and identify whether cost efficiencies from shifting group coaching or livelihoods can support further scale-up.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * 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* field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><hr /><h1>Implementing Partners</h1> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb30-detail--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb30-detail paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section 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11.4983 2.89499 12 4.58273 12C10.0821 12 13.0883 7.3847 13.0883 3.38112C13.0883 3.24924 13.086 3.11775 13.0809 2.98856C13.6649 2.5614 14.1723 2.02813 14.5714 1.42065C14.0361 1.66134 13.4595 1.82436 12.8549 1.89741C13.4723 1.52292 13.9462 0.929288 14.1695 0.221845C13.5914 0.568646 12.9526 0.820864 12.2698 0.955817Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="cb-meta cb-det"> </div> </div> </aside> --> <div class="details-flex"> <!-- <div class="cb-tags"> --> <!-- <div class="tags-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> </div> --> <!-- <a href="/node//pdf" class="btn-black" target="_blank">View in PDF</a> --> <!-- </div> --> <!-- <div class="cb-title"> <h2>Cras ultricies mi eu turpis fusce convallis metus id felis </h2> </div> --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-cb30-flex-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cb30-flex-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">CB30 Flex Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-donors--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-donors paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-donors"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-donor-repeater-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default.html.twig x field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-donor-repeater-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Donor Repeater Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a href="https://www.adb.org/"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/ADB%20Logo.jpg" alt="ADB Logo"> </div> <span> Asian Development Bank </span> </a> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a href="https://www.brac.net/"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/Sq_Brac_logo.jpg" alt="BRAC Logo"> </div> <span> BRAC </span> </a> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a href="https://www.dole.gov.ph/"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/DOLE%20Logo.jpg" alt="DOLE Logo"> </div> <span> Philippines Department of Labor and Employment </span> </a> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2041" hreflang="en">Ultra Poor</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/95" hreflang="en">Philippines</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/emily-beam-0"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/emily_beam_1.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Emily Beam </div> <div class="title"> University of Vermont </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/lasse-brune"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Lasse_Brune.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Lasse Brune </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/dean-karlan"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dean-Karlan-Headshot-Photo-500px-Square.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Dean Karlan </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/yasuyuki-sawada"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-04/yasuyuki-sawada-photo.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Yasuyuki Sawada </div> <div class="title"> The University of Tokyo </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/christopher-udry"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Christopher-Udry-Headshot-Photo-2023-Web.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Christopher Udry </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/22" hreflang="en">Results</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2271" hreflang="en">Randomized Evaluation</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-region--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-region.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Region</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/301" hreflang="en">Asia and Oceania</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/IMG_5346_1.jpg" width="2016" height="1512" alt="Livestock in a household participating in the graduation intervention" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/maria-isabel-fernandez"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-05/Ma-Isabel-Fernandez.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Maria Isabel Fernandez </div> <div class="title"> Associate Research Manager </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item">2,339 households</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2017*2021</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-implemented-by-ipa--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-implemented-by-ipa.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-implemented-by-ipa field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Implemented by IPA</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-754258"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-07/IPA%20DOLE%20Graduation%20Final%20Report_April%202022.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="Final Report" title="Final Report" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/754258-IPA%20DOLE%20Graduation%20Final%20Report_April%202022.png?itok=JSdyweCa" width="371" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <span class="pdfpreview-image-description"><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-07/IPA%20DOLE%20Graduation%20Final%20Report_April%202022.pdf">Final Report</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:06:04 +0000 mpodesta@poverty-action.org 53323 at https://poverty-action.org Tackling Psychosocial and Capital Constraints to Alleviate Poverty https://poverty-action.org/publication/tackling-psychosocial-and-capital-constraints-alleviate-poverty <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Tackling Psychosocial and Capital Constraints to Alleviate Poverty</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/11" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="cvu@poverty-action.org">cvu@poverty-ac…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 03/28/2023 - 15:41</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb30-detail--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb30-detail paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="cb30"> <div class="frame"> <!-- <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="toggle accordion"> <a href="javascript:;" class=""> <span>In this Section</span> <svg width="50" height="50" viewBox="0 0 50 50" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="25" cy="25" r="25" transform="rotate(90 25 25)" fill="white"/> <path d="M24.4697 30.0568C24.7626 30.3497 25.2374 30.3497 25.5303 30.0568L30.3033 25.2839C30.5962 24.991 30.5962 24.5161 30.3033 24.2232C30.0104 23.9303 29.5355 23.9303 29.2426 24.2232L25 28.4659L20.7574 24.2232C20.4645 23.9303 19.9896 23.9303 19.6967 24.2232C19.4038 24.5161 19.4038 24.991 19.6967 25.2839L24.4697 30.0568ZM24.25 28.4141L24.25 29.5265L25.75 29.5265L25.75 28.4141L24.25 28.4141Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="inner"> <div class="cb-share cb-det"> <span>Share</span> <div class="social"> <a href="#"> <svg width="8" height="14" viewBox="0 0 8 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M2.25 4.66667H0.5V7H2.25V14H5.16667V7H7.29117L7.5 4.66667H5.16667V3.69425C5.16667 3.13717 5.27867 2.91667 5.81708 2.91667H7.5V0H5.27867C3.181 0 2.25 0.923416 2.25 2.69208V4.66667Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> <a href="#"> <svg width="15" height="12" viewBox="0 0 15 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.2698 0.955817C11.7259 0.367563 10.9485 0 10.0879 0C8.4383 0 7.09955 1.35644 7.09955 3.02932C7.09955 3.26693 7.12523 3.49723 7.17658 3.71907C4.69205 3.59258 2.48959 2.388 1.01428 0.552882C0.75672 1.00195 0.609656 1.52292 0.609656 2.07773C0.609656 3.12813 1.13722 4.05549 1.93985 4.59876C1.45041 4.58415 0.988599 4.44651 0.584756 4.2212V4.25811C0.584756 5.72644 1.61537 6.9514 2.98408 7.22861C2.73353 7.29973 2.46897 7.33549 2.19624 7.33549C2.00365 7.33549 1.81574 7.31704 1.63366 7.28166C2.01416 8.4847 3.11753 9.36093 4.42594 9.38438C3.4031 10.1972 2.11337 10.6816 0.713145 10.6816C0.471929 10.6816 0.233435 10.6678 0 10.6401C1.3228 11.4983 2.89499 12 4.58273 12C10.0821 12 13.0883 7.3847 13.0883 3.38112C13.0883 3.24924 13.086 3.11775 13.0809 2.98856C13.6649 2.5614 14.1723 2.02813 14.5714 1.42065C14.0361 1.66134 13.4595 1.82436 12.8549 1.89741C13.4723 1.52292 13.9462 0.929288 14.1695 0.221845C13.5914 0.568646 12.9526 0.820864 12.2698 0.955817Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="cb-meta cb-det"> </div> </div> </aside> --> <div class="details-flex"> <!-- <div class="cb-tags"> --> <!-- <div class="tags-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> </div> --> <!-- <a href="/node//pdf" class="btn-black" target="_blank">View in PDF</a> --> <!-- </div> --> <!-- <div class="cb-title"> <h2>Cras ultricies mi eu turpis fusce convallis metus id felis </h2> </div> --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-cb30-flex-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cb30-flex-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">CB30 Flex Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Many policies attempt to help extremely poor households build sustainable sources of income. Although economic interventions have predominated historically<sup>1,2</sup>, psychosocial support has attracted substantial interest<sup>3,4,5</sup>, particularly for its potential cost-effectiveness. Recent evidence has shown that multi-faceted ‘graduation’ programmes can succeed in generating sustained changes<sup>6,7</sup>. Here the researchers show that a multi-faceted intervention can open pathways out of extreme poverty by relaxing capital and psychosocial constraints. The researchers conducted a four-arm randomized evaluation among extremely poor female beneficiaries already enrolled in a national cash transfer government programme in Niger. The three treatment arms included group savings promotion, coaching and entrepreneurship training, and then added either a lump-sum cash grant, psychosocial interventions, or both the cash grant and psychosocial interventions. All three arms generated positive effects on economic outcomes and psychosocial well-being, but there were notable differences in the pathways and the timing of effects. Overall, the arms with psychosocial interventions were the most cost-effective, highlighting the value of including well-designed psychosocial components in government-led multi-faceted interventions for the extreme poor.</p> <hr /><p><sup>1</sup> Fiszbein, A. et al. <em>Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty</em> (World Bank, 2009).</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Banerjee, A., Karlan, D. &amp; Zinman, J. Six randomized evaluations of microcredit: introduction and further steps. <em>Am. Econ. J. Appl. Econ</em>. 7, 1–21 (2015).</p> <p><sup>3</sup> Ridley, M., Rao, G., Schilbach, F. &amp; Patel, V. Poverty, depression, and anxiety: causal evidence and mechanisms. <em>Science </em>370, eaay0214 (2020).</p> <p><sup>4</sup> Haushofer, J., Mudida, R. &amp; Shapiro J. P. <em>The Comparative Impact of Cash Transfers and a Psychotherapy Program on Psychological and Economic Well-Being</em>. Working Paper no. 28106 (NBER, 2020).</p> <p><sup>5</sup> Lund, C. et al. Poverty and mental disorders: breaking the cycle in low-income and middle-income countries. <em>Lancet</em> 378, 1502–1514 (2011).</p> <p><sup>6</sup> Banerjee, A. et al. A multifaceted program causes lasting progress for the very poor: evidence from six countries. <em>Science</em> 348, 1260799 (2015).</p> <p><sup>7</sup> Bandiera, O. et al. Labor markets and poverty in village economies. <em>Q. J. Econ</em>. 132, 811–870 (2017).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb12-mixed-related-content paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section class="cb12 "> <div class="frame v2"> <div class="content-wrap"> <h2>Related Content</h2> <div class="cb12-feat-articles v2 cb12-2col"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-main-post--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-main-post--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-main-post.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-post--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-post.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig x field--default--field-main-post.html.twig * field--default--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-main-post.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--default--field-main-post.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-post field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Main Post</div> <div class="large-article cb12-article"> <div class="cb12-feat-article cb12-article"> <a href="/study/promoting-productive-inclusion-and-resilience-national-safety-nets-four-country-evaluation"> <div class="img-wrapper"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-03/shutterstock_1972575989.jpg')"> </div> </div> <div class="button tag rounded tag-Case Study"> STUDY </div> <p>Promoting Productive Inclusion and Resilience in National Safety Nets: A Four-Country Evaluation in the Sahel</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--default--field-main-post.html.twig' --> <div class="cb12-rows one-col"> <div class="cb12-row-2 last-col"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-selector--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-post-selector--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-post-selector.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-post-selector--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-post-selector.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig x field--default--field-post-selector.html.twig * field--default--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-post-selector.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--default--field-post-selector.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-post-selector field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Selector</div> <div class="cb12-article"> <a href="/publication/impact-multi-faceted-government-led-program-poor-households-niger"> <div class="button tag rounded tag-Publications"> PUBLICATIONS </div> <p>The Impact Of A Multi-Faceted Government-Led Program on Poor Households in Niger</p> </a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--default--field-post-selector.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <div id="news_filter" class="cb12-discover-more"> <p>Discover more from IPA</p> <a class="button rounded tag study" href="/our-studies">View All Studies</a> <a class="button rounded tag news" href="/ipa-news">View All News</a> <a class="button rounded tag blog" href="/ipa-blog">View All Blogs</a> <a class="button rounded tag event" href="/ipa-events">View All Events</a> <a class="button rounded tag publication" href="/our-publications">View All Publications</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb12-mixed-related-content.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/publications" hreflang="en">Publications</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/166" hreflang="en">Financial Inclusion</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1821" hreflang="en">Cash Transfers</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2076" hreflang="en">Food Security</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2841" hreflang="en">Human Capital &amp; Skills</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2041" hreflang="en">Ultra Poor</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2061" hreflang="en">Women &amp; Girls</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/48" hreflang="en">Burkina Faso</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/80" hreflang="en">Mauritania</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/89" hreflang="en">Niger</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/99" hreflang="en">Senegal</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/thomas-bossuroy"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/ThomasB.JPG')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Thomas Bossuroy </div> <div class="title"> World Bank </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/markus-goldstein"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/markus_goldstein_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Markus Goldstein </div> <div class="title"> World Bank </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/dean-karlan"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dean-Karlan-Headshot-Photo-500px-Square.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Dean Karlan </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/harounan-kazianga"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/harounan_kazianga_0.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Harounan Kazianga </div> <div class="title"> Oklahoma State University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/william-pariente"> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> William Parienté </div> <div class="title"> Université Catholique de Louvain </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/patrick-premand"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Patrick-Premand-2021-Headshot-Web.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Patrick Premand </div> <div class="title"> World Bank </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/christopher-udry"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Christopher-Udry-Headshot-Photo-2023-Web.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Christopher Udry </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/julia-vaillant"> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Julia Vaillant </div> <div class="title"> World Bank </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/kelsey-wright"> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Kelsey Wright </div> <div class="title"> Program Manager, Social Protection Program </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-753673"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-03/s41586-022-04647-8.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="Download Paper" title="Download Paper" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/753673-s41586-022-04647-8.png?itok=HcNaB7jS" width="361" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <span class="pdfpreview-image-description"><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-03/s41586-022-04647-8.pdf">Download Paper</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 28 Mar 2023 19:41:13 +0000 cvu@poverty-action.org 53091 at https://poverty-action.org Devex Interviews IPA Senior Director Nathanael Goldberg on Graduation Programming https://poverty-action.org/news/devex-interviews-ipa-senior-director-nathanael-goldberg-graduation-programming <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Devex Interviews IPA Senior Director Nathanael Goldberg on Graduation Programming</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/16" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfcontent</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 01/11/2023 - 12:17</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><img alt="701.JPG" height="84" src="https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/styles/width-220/public/thumbnails/image/701.JPG?itok=bWijnPvv" title="701.JPG" typeof="foaf:Image" width="220" /></p> <article about="/news/devex-interviews-ipa-senior-director-nathanael-goldberg-graduation-programming" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"><header> </header><p>In a post sponsored by Cartier Philanthropy, <em>Devex</em> highlights IPA research on graduating ultra-poor households, including <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/variations-ultra-poor-graduation-programming-uganda" target="_blank">an evaluation</a> of Village Enterprise's programming in Uganda. IPA Director of Sector Programs, <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/people/Nathanael-Goldberg" target="_blank">Nathanael Goldberg</a>, notes the importance of providing appropriate livelihood paths for different contexts. He also explains that graduation programs should be designed holistically with an understanding that "challenges will arise that require life skills and support networks." For example, <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/graduating-ultra-poor-ghana" target="_blank">IPA research in Ghana</a> found that "people who received the holistic version of the program with all the aspects, including coaching, had made numerous improvements in their household welfare" compared to those who did not receive coaching.</p> </article></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> December 06, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news" hreflang="en">News</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1821" hreflang="en">Cash Transfers</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2841" hreflang="en">Human Capital &amp; Skills</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2016" hreflang="en">Microenterprise</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2006" hreflang="en">Savings</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2031" hreflang="en">Training &amp; Mentoring</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2041" hreflang="en">Ultra Poor</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/109" hreflang="en">Uganda</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-news-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/201" hreflang="en">Media Coverage</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-link--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-link.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Article Link - For News Pages ONLY</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://devex.shorthandstories.com/to-build-sustainable-livelihoods-theres-no-one-size-fits-all-approach/index.html">https://devex.shorthandstories.com/to-build-sustainable-livelihoods-theres-no-o…</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:17:43 +0000 bfcontent 52847 at https://poverty-action.org Reducing HIV/AIDS Vulnerability through Income-Generating Activities https://poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Reducing HIV/AIDS Vulnerability through Income-Generating Activities</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/16" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfcontent</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 01/11/2023 - 11:35</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><h2>USING RESULTS</h2> <p><em>USAID is expanding and adapting an income-generating economic livelihoods program to help reduce HIV/AIDS vulnerability among adolescent girls and young women.</em></p> <p>With support from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), USAID is leading a multi-country public-private partnership to economically empower adolescent girls and young women to reduce their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and is employing a proven model from an intervention in Northern Uganda to implement income-generating livelihoods programs for this vulnerable population. The programs include activities such as business and life skills training, mentorships, participation in savings and social groups, and financial assistance in launching and growing a business. These activities were evaluated in Uganda and demonstrated positive income-generating outcomes for young women.</p> <p><img alt="© 2022 AVSI FOUNDATION UGANDA" height="683" src="https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/atoms/image/2022/12/13/Uganda-Wings-2022.png" width="1024" /></p> <p> </p> <h2>The Challenge </h2> <p>Since 2010, the incidence of global HIV infections have decreased by 31 percent and AIDS-related deaths have decreased by 47 percent.<a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities#_ftn1">[1]</a> However, vulnerability to HIV/AIDS  remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries, particularly for adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24, who accounted for 50 percent of all new infections in 2020.<a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities#_ftn2">[2]</a> Evidence suggests that economic conditions contribute to HIV/AIDS vulnerability–women who are in more difficult economic situations are likely to be at greater risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. As such, policymakers have implemented programs to give these women greater opportunities to earn income and thus lower their risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS.<a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities#_ftn3">[3]</a></p> <h2>The Evidence </h2> <p>From 2009 to 2012, IPA researchers evaluated AVSI Foundation’s evidence-based <a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/enterprises-ultra-poor-women-after-war-wings-program-northern-uganda">WINGS intervention in Northern Uganda</a> on increasing income-generating entrepreneurship opportunities for formerly displaced young women. In this program, women received business skills training, cash grants, mentorships, and participated in a variety of social groups.</p> <p>Women participating in WINGS improved their earnings and access to nonfarm business opportunities. Monthly cash earnings increased by up to 151 percent, nonfarm work hours doubled, and the likelihood of owning a nonfarm business increased by 109 percent. In addition, women experienced deeper and expanded social cohesion with their peers and increased their activity in savings and loans associations.</p> <h2>The Impact </h2> <p>Following the positive results of its intervention in Northern Uganda, AVSI modified the WINGS model to incorporate further proven income-generating activities and structures for young women, which became known as WINGS+. In 2019, USAID announced it would use the WINGS+ model alongside others to implement income-generating livelihood programs for young women and adolescent girls in the DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe) initiative, a public-private partnership launched in 2014 by PEPFAR to reduce HIV/AIDS vulnerability among this population in sixteen countries.<a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities#_ftn1">[4]</a> The WINGS+ model is being deployed in Côte d’Ivoire, Haiti, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda with AVSI Foundation providing technical assistance to guide and adapt the design of the income-generating programs based on the local context and the capacities of implementing partners. These programs focus on building up the entrepreneurial capabilities of adolescent girls and young women and include activities such as life and business skills training to prepare them for the workforce and running an enterprise, intensive mentorships with a business-savvy family member or friend, membership in social networks and savings groups to strengthen community trust, and financial grants to launch and grow enterprises.</p> <p>As of 2022, DREAMS has active WINGS+ economic livelihood strengthening programs in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Although the impacts have yet to be determined, the WINGS approach has already demonstrated success in improving income-earning opportunities for young women, bringing optimism that similar outcomes will be experienced in these programs and in turn help to reduce HIV/AIDS vulnerability.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Sources</h2> <p><a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities#_ftnref1" id="_ftn1" name="_ftn1" title=""><sup><sup>[1,2]</sup></sup></a> UNAIDS <a href="https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet" target="_blank">https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities#_ftnref3" id="_ftn3" name="_ftn3" title=""><sup><sup>[3]</sup></sup></a> Goodman, Michael L., Beatrice J. Selwyn, Robert O. Morgan, Linda E. Lloyd, Moses Mwongera, Stanley Gitari, and Philip H. Keiser. "Sexual behavior among young carers in the context of a Kenyan empowerment program combining cash-transfer, psychosocial support, and entrepreneurship." <em>The Journal of Sex Research</em> 53, no. 3 (2016): 331-345.</p> <p><a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/impact/reducing-hivaids-vulnerability-through-income-generating-activities#_ftnref1" id="_ftn1" name="_ftn1" title=""><sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup></a> The sixteen countries where DREAMS operates are Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, eSwatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Haiti.</p> <p>Gorgens, M., Longosz, A.F., Ketende, S. <em>et al.</em> Evaluating the effectiveness of incentives to improve HIV prevention outcomes for young females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa impact evaluation protocol and baseline results. <em>BMC Public Health</em> 20, 1591 (2020).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/10916" hreflang="en">Impact Case Studies</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/176" hreflang="en">Health &amp; Nutrition</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1916" hreflang="en">HIV/AIDS</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2841" hreflang="en">Human Capital &amp; Skills</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2051" hreflang="en">Vocational Training</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2061" hreflang="en">Women &amp; Girls</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/109" hreflang="en">Uganda</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 11 Jan 2023 16:35:32 +0000 bfcontent 52837 at https://poverty-action.org New Directions in Anti-Poverty Research Conference https://poverty-action.org/event/new-directions-anti-poverty-research-conference <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">New Directions in Anti-Poverty Research Conference</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/16" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfcontent</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 01/11/2023 - 10:59</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><article about="/event/new-directions-anti-poverty-research-conference" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"><p>Innovations for Poverty Action, the Trinity Impact Evaluation Unit, the Gender Innovation Lab at the World Bank, and Concern Worldwide hosted a two-day conference on the latest findings in research on multifaceted anti-poverty programs. The conference highlighted research on anti-poverty programming with innovations targeting mental wellbeing, gender, household risk and resilience, climate and environmental outcomes.</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-02/New-Directions-in-Anti-Poverty-Research-Conference-Agenda-Final.pdf" target="_blank">View Agenda</a><br />  </p> <hr /><h3><br /><strong><u>Presentations</u></strong></h3> </article><h2><u>Monday, December 5, 2022</u><br />  </h2> <h2>Panel A: New Directions<br />  </h2> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-02/1.%20The%20Impact%20of%20a%20Graduation%20Program%20on%20Livelihoods%20in%20Refugee%20and%20Host%20Communities%20in%20Uganda%20-%20Dean%20Karlan%20%28Northwestern%20University%29_2.pdf">01. The Impact of a Graduation Program on Livelihoods in Refugee and Host Communities in Uganda</a><br /> Dean Karlan</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-02/2.%20Graduation%20Gender%20Targeting%20and%20Transformative%20Couples%20Training%20-%20Evidence%20from%20Malawi%20-%20Michael%20King%20%28Trinity%20College%20Dublin%29.pdf">02. Graduation Gender Targeting and Transformative Couples Training: Evidence from Malawi</a><br /> Michael King</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/2023-02/3.%20Pathways%20out%20of%20Extreme%20Poverty%20-%20Tackling%20Psychosocial%20and%20Capital%20Constraints%20with%20a%20Multi-faceted%20Social%20Protection%20Program%20in%20the%20Sahel%20-%20Patrick%20Premand%20%28World%20Bank%29.pdf">03. Pathways out of Extreme Poverty: Tackling Psychosocial and Capital Constraints with a Multi-faceted Social Protection Program in the Sahel</a><br /> Patrick Premand</p> <p> </p> <hr /><h2><br /> Panel B: Mental Wellbeing<br />  </h2> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/4.%20Mental%20Health%20Therapy%20as%20a%20Core%20Strategy%20for%20Increasing%20Human%20Capital%20-%20Evidence%20from%20Ghana%20-%20Dean%20Karlan%20%28Northwestern%20University%29_0.pdf">04. Mental Health Therapy as a Core Strategy for Increasing Human Capital: Evidence from Ghana</a><br /> Dean Karlan</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/5.%20Personal%20initiative%20or%20interpersonal%20initiative%20-%20Psychosocial%20mechanisms%20and%20women%27s%20economic%20inclusion%20in%20Niger%20-%20Thomas%20Bossuroy%20%28World%20Bank%29.pdf">05. Personal initiative or interpersonal initiative: Psychosocial mechanisms and women's economic inclusion in Niger</a><br /> Thomas Bossuroy</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/6.%20Improving%20Women%27s%20Mental%20Health%20during%20a%20Pandemic%20-%20Michael%20Vlassopoulos%20%28University%20of%20Southhampton%29_0.pdf">06. Improving Women's Mental Health during a Pandemic</a><br /> Michael Vlassopoulos</p> <hr /><h2><br /> Panel C: Gender<br />  </h2> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/7.%20Supporting%20Women%27s%20Livelihoods%20at%20Scale%20-%20Evidence%20from%20a%20Nationwide%20Multi-Faceted%20Program%20-%20Gareth%20Roberts%20%28University%20of%20Witwatersrand%29_0.pdf">07. Supporting Women's Livelihoods at Scale: Evidence from a Nationwide Multi-Faceted Program</a><br /> Gareth Roberts</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/8.%20Couples%20Training%20for%20Gender%20Empowerment%20-%20Using%20Mixed%20Methods%20to%20Understand%20Graduation%27s%20Impact%20on%20Empowerment%20and%20Well-Being%20Outcomes%20-%20Tara%20Bedi%20%28Trinity%20College%20Dublin%29_0.pdf">08. Couples Training for Gender Empowerment: Using Mixed Methods to Understand Graduation's Impact on Empowerment and Well-Being Outcomes</a><br /> Tara Bedi</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/9.%20Multifaceted%20Programs%20Targeting%20Women%20in%20Fragile%20Settings%20-%20Evidence%20from%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20-%20Manuela%20Angelucci%20%28University%20of%20Austin%20Texas%29_0.pdf">09. Multifaceted Programs Targeting Women in Fragile Settings: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo</a><br /> Manuela Angelucci</p> <hr /><h2><br /> Round Table: Gender and Economic Inclusion and Innovation<br />  </h2> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/10.%20Roundtable%20Presentation%20-%20Gender%20and%20Economic%20Inclusion%20and%20Innovation%20-%20Michael%20O%27Sullivan%20%28Gender%20Innovation%20Lab%2C%20World%20Bank%29_0.pdf">10. Roundtable Presentation: Gender, Economic Inclusion, and Innovation</a><br /> Michael O'Sullivan</p> <hr /><h2><br /><u>Tuesday, December 6, 2022</u><br />  </h2> <h2>Panel D: Household Risk and Resilience<br />  </h2> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/11.%20Ultra-poor%20graduation%20and%20environmental%20shocks%20-%20Evidence%20from%20the%202019%20Malawian%20floods%20-%20Tara%20Bedi%20%28Trinity%20College%20Dublin%29_0.pdf">11. Ultra-poor graduation and environmental shocks: Evidence from the 2019 Malawian floods</a><br /> Tara Bedi</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/12.%20Adaptation%20to%20Climate%20Change%20in%20Pakistan%20-%20Impacts%20on%20Disaster%20Preparedness%20and%20Resilience%20-%20Alexandra%20Avdeenko%20%28World%20Bank%29_0.pdf">12. Adaptation to Climate Change in Pakistan: Impacts on Disaster Preparedness and Resilience</a><br /> Alexandra Avdeenko</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/13.%20Anticipatory%20cash%20transfers%20in%20climate%20disaster%20response%20-%20Ashley%20Pople%20%28University%20of%20Oxford%29_0.pdf">13. Anticipatory cash transfers in climate disaster response</a><br /> Ashley Pople</p> <hr /><h2><br /> Panel E: Environmental Outcomes and Anti-Poverty Projects<br />  </h2> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/14.%20Conditional%20cash%20transfers%20to%20alleviate%20poverty%20also%20reduced%20deforestation%20in%20Indonesia%20-%20Rhita%20Simorangkir%20%28The%20Nature%20Conservancy%29_0.pdf">14. Conditional cash transfers to alleviate poverty also reduced deforestation in Indonesia</a><br /> Rhita Simorangkir</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/15.%20Environmental%20effects%20of%20development%20programs%20-%20Experimental%20evidence%20from%20West%20African%20dryland%20forests%20-%20Simon%20He%C3%9F%20%28University%20of%20Vienna%29_0.pdf">15. Environmental effects of development programs: Experimental evidence from West African dryland forests</a><br /> Simon Heß</p> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/16.%20Can%20Reminders%20of%20Rules%20Induce%20Compliance%20-%20Experimental%20Evidence%20from%20a%20Common%20Pool%20Resource%20Setting%20-%20Sabrina%20Eisenbarth%20%28University%20of%20Exeter%29_0.pdf">16. Can Reminders of Rules Induce Compliance: Experimental Evidence from a Common Pool Resource Setting</a><br /> Sabrina Eisenbarth</p> <hr /><h2><br /> Round Table: Climate<br />  </h2> <p><a href="/sites/default/files/presentation/17.%20Climate%20Change%20and%20Economic%20Inclusion%20-%20Colin%20Andrews%20%28World%20Bank%29_0.pdf">17. Climate Change and Economic Inclusion</a><br /> Colin Andrew</p> <style type="text/css"> <!--/*--><![CDATA[/* ><!--*/ .demo { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; border-collapse:collapse; padding:5px; } .demo th { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding:5px; background:#F0F0F0; } .demo td { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding:5px; } /*--><!]]>*/ </style></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--cb30-detail--default.html.twig x paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cb30-detail paragraph--view-mode--default"> <section 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field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1821" hreflang="en">Cash Transfers</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9706" hreflang="en">COVID-19</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1876" hreflang="en">Environment</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9456" hreflang="en">Forced Displacement</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2031" hreflang="en">Training &amp; Mentoring</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2041" hreflang="en">Ultra Poor</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/9026" hreflang="en">Violence</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2061" hreflang="en">Women &amp; Girls</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-753451"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-02/New-Directions-in-Anti-Poverty-Research-Conference-Agenda-Final.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="" title="" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/753451-New-Directions-in-Anti-Poverty-Research-Conference-Agenda-Final.png?itok=G9zhtZfx" width="371" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-start-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-start-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-start-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event Start Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2022-12-05T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Mon, 12/05/2022 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-event-end-date--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-event-end-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-event-end-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Event End Date</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2022-12-06T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Tue, 12/06/2022 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Innovations for Poverty Action, the Trinity Impact Evaluation Unit, the Gender Innovation Lab at the World Bank, and Concern Worldwide hosted a two-day conference on the latest findings in research on multifaceted anti-poverty programs. The conference highlighted research on anti-poverty programming with innovations targeting mental wellbeing, gender, household risk and resilience, climate and environmental outcomes.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:59:30 +0000 bfcontent 52836 at https://poverty-action.org Community-based rangeland management in Namibia improves resource governance but not environmental and economic outcomes https://poverty-action.org/publication/community-based-rangeland-management-namibia-improves-resource-governance-not <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Community-based rangeland management in Namibia improves resource governance but not environmental and economic outcomes</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/16" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfcontent</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 01/10/2023 - 15:06</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Classic theories suggest that common pool resources are subject to overexploitation. Community-based resource management approaches may ameliorate tragedy of the commons effects. Here we use a randomized evaluation in Namibia’s communal rangelands to study a comprehensive four-year program to support community-based rangeland and cattle management. We find that the program led to persistent and large improvements for eight of thirteen indices of social and behavioral outcomes. Effects on rangeland health, cattle productivity and household economics, however, were either negative or nil. Positive impacts on community resource management may have been offset by communities’ inability to control grazing by non-participating herds and inhibited by an unresponsive rangeland sub-system. This juxtaposition, in which measurable improvements in community resource management did not translate into better outcomes for households or rangeland health, demonstrates the fragility of the causal pathway from program implementation to intended socioeconomic and environmental outcomes. It also points to challenges for improving climate change–adaptation strategies.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> November 30, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/publications" hreflang="en">Publications</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/156" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1841" hreflang="en">Community Participation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/86" hreflang="en">Namibia</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-publication-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-publication-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-publication-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-publication-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-publication-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Publication Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6" hreflang="en">Published Paper</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-author--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-author.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-author.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/d-layne-coppock"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Layne-Coppock_updated.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> D. Layne Coppock </div> <div class="title"> Utah State University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/dean-karlan"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dean-Karlan-Headshot-Photo-500px-Square.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Dean Karlan </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/dylan-groves"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Dylan-Groves_updated.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Dylan Groves </div> <div class="title"> Columbia University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/luke-crowley"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Crowley%2C%20Lucas_Photo_UCT.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Luke Crowley </div> <div class="title"> University of Cape Town </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/julian-jamison"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/lietuva.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Julian Jamison </div> <div class="title"> University of Exeter </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-author.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-01/752291-s43247-022-00361-5.jpg" width="220" height="289" alt="Community-based rangeland management in Namibia improves resource governance but not environmental and economic outcomes" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-journal--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-journal--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-journal.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-journal--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-journal.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-journal.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-journal.html.twig x field--text.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-journal field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Journal</div> <div class="field__item">Communications Earth &amp; Environment</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-volume--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-volume--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-volume.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-volume--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-volume.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-volume.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-volume.html.twig x field--text.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-volume field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Volume</div> <div class="field__item">3(32)</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-752123"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/s43247-022-00361-5.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="" title="" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/752123-s43247-022-00361-5.png?itok=WHviIYfM" width="365" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 10 Jan 2023 20:06:34 +0000 bfcontent 52191 at https://poverty-action.org What Role Do Social Networks Play In The Adoption Of Agricultural Technologies in Burkina Faso? https://poverty-action.org/study/what-role-do-social-networks-play-adoption-agricultural-technologies-burkina-faso <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">What Role Do Social Networks Play In The Adoption Of Agricultural Technologies in Burkina Faso?</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/16" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfcontent</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 01/10/2023 - 09:09</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Despite the availability of new agricultural technologies, which may increase yields and household income, few farmers in the Sahel region are using improved seeds and fertilizers. In Burkina Faso, researchers conducted a randomized evaluation to measure the impact of social network targeting on the introduction of micro-dosing– a technique that applied small amounts of fertilizer at the time of planting improved seeds. Results revealed that social networks were valuable in encouraging sustained adoption of micro-dosing in the long term.</p> <h2>Policy Issue </h2> <p>The Sahel, the region of North Africa between the Sahara Desert and the Sudanian savanna, is facing a major food and nutrition crisis. Factors such as the region's arid climate, widespread poverty and high population growth, combined with ongoing violent conflicts, climate-related shocks such as drought and flooding, and the COVID-19 pandemic, had hampered living conditions. The World Bank estimates 14.4 million people needed food assistance in 2020. This number rose to 23.7 million by 2021.<a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/improved-sorghum-technology-adoption-burkina-faso#_ftn1">[1]</a></p> <p>Despite the availability of new agricultural technologies, which may increase yields and household income, few farmers in the Sahel region are using improved seeds and fertilizer. Research has shown that farmers face a myriad of constraints that affect the adoption of agricultural technology, and relaxing these constraints can lead to more efficient practices. This evaluation contributes to this literature by estimating the impact of social network targeting on the introduction of micro-dosing, an agricultural technique that has the potential to increase sorghum yields.</p> <h2>Context of the Evaluation </h2> <p>Sorghum plays an important role in the food security of millions in the Sahel, due to its ability to grow in arid soils and withstand prolonged droughts. In Burkina Faso, sorghum is an important source of livelihood for many households, but there is potential to increase production by adopting new technologies. The average national sorghum yield is estimated at 0.8 tons per hectare, with the potential to reach more than 2 tons per hectare.<a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/improved-sorghum-technology-adoption-burkina-faso#_ftn1">[2]</a> </p> <p>For this evaluation, researchers selected three provinces in Burkina Faso, where sorghum cultivation was high: Bam and Sanmatenga provinces from the center-nord region of the country, and Passoré provinces from the north.</p> <h2>Details of the Intervention </h2> <p>Researchers conducted a randomized evaluation to measure the impact of social network targeting on the introduction of agricultural technologies among subsistence farmers in Burkina Faso. Specifically, researchers introduced a technology for applying small amounts of fertilizer at the time of planting, called microdosing.</p> <p>To identify social networks, the researchers asked a male and female farmer from each household to identify the members with whom they often talk about agriculture, those with whom they have financial transactions, relatives or neighbors of farm plots, and members of their same agricultural organization.</p> <p>Researchers then randomly assigned 100 villages to either of the following groups:</p> <ul><li><strong>Group 1: Random assignment (80 villages): </strong>Approximately fifteen households of farmers in each village were randomly selected to receive improved sorghum seed, fertilizer, and training on the microdosing technology.</li> <li><strong>Group 2: Network Size (20 villages): </strong>The fifteen farming households with the largest social networks in the village received improved sorghum seed, fertilizer, and training on the microdosing technology.</li> <li><strong>Group 3: Network Influence (20 villages): </strong>The fifteen farming households with the greatest social network influence in the village, measured by an algorithm called eigenvector centrality, received improved sorghum seed, fertilizer, and training on the microdosing technology.</li> <li><strong>Comparison group (20 villages): </strong>Farming households in these villages did not receive improved sorghum seed, fertilizer or training on the microdosing technology at the time of the intervention.</li> </ul><h2>Results and Policy Lessons </h2> <p><strong>Social networks were valuable in encouraging sustained adoption of micro-dosing compared to random distribution of seeds, fertilizer and micro-dosing training.</strong> While adoption rates at plot level were relatively similar in all three groups in the year immediately after the intervention, adoption rates increased four years after the intervention in the villages where social network targeting took place. There was no difference in adoption rates between villages targeted based on network size and villages targeted based on network influence. Agricultural extension of new technologies might leverage social networks to increase adoption and diffusion.</p> <p><strong>The impact of the intervention varied depending on the size of the plot and whether farmers used fertilizer beforehand</strong>. The use of fertilizers through microdosing increased to a greater extent and was maintained in the long term for the small farmers who had not used fertilizers before the intervention.  The intervention also had a positive, short-term impact on the amount harvested for small farmers who had previously used fertilizers.</p> <p><strong>Highly connected farmers were more resilient to climate shocks. </strong>In the face of temperature and rainfall shocks, highly connected farmers who experienced shocks were less likely to disadopt productive agricultural practices that had higher returns in response to poor climate conditions.  Information sharing within networks may have helped these farmers find more resilient strategies to maintain higher return agricultural practices, like microdosing.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Sources</h2> <p><a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/improved-sorghum-technology-adoption-burkina-faso#_ftnref1">[1]</a> The World Bank. 2022. “Responding to the Food Crisis in the Sahel by Addressing the Food Emergencies and Structural Challenges of the West African food system”. <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2022/05/15/afw-responding-to-the-food-crisis-in-the-sahel">https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2022/05/15/afw-responding-to-the-food-crisis-in-the-sahel</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.poverty-action.org/study/improved-sorghum-technology-adoption-burkina-faso#_ftnref1">[2]</a> Ministry of Agriculture, Burkina Faso 2010.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 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1.66134 13.4595 1.82436 12.8549 1.89741C13.4723 1.52292 13.9462 0.929288 14.1695 0.221845C13.5914 0.568646 12.9526 0.820864 12.2698 0.955817Z" fill="#21212A"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="cb-meta cb-det"> </div> </div> </aside> --> <div class="details-flex"> <!-- <div class="cb-tags"> --> <!-- <div class="tags-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> <a href="#" class="link-stnd ">Lorem Ipsum</a> </div> --> <!-- <a href="/node//pdf" class="btn-black" target="_blank">View in PDF</a> --> <!-- </div> --> <!-- <div class="cb-title"> <h2>Cras ultricies mi eu turpis fusce convallis metus id felis </h2> </div> --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-cb30-flex-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--default--cb30-detail.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-cb30-flex-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cb30-flex-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">CB30 Flex Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-donors--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-donors paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-donors"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-donor-repeater-block--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-donors.html.twig * field--default.html.twig x field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-donor-repeater-block field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Donor Repeater Block</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-03/AGRODIA_1.jpg" alt="AGRODIA"> </div> <span> Association of Wholesalers and Retailers of Agricultural Inputs (AGRODIA) </span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-donors-repeater.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-03/INERA%20logo_1.jpg" alt="Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA)- Burkina Faso"> </div> <span> Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA)- Burkina Faso </span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/156" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2026" hreflang="en">Technology Adoption</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/48" hreflang="en">Burkina Faso</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/andrew-dillon"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dillon_Andrew.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Andrew Dillon </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/aissatou-ouedraogo"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Profile_picture.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Aissatou Ouedraogo </div> <div class="title"> Michigan State University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/maria-porter"> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Maria Porter </div> <div class="title"> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/22" hreflang="en">Results</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2271" hreflang="en">Randomized Evaluation</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-01/sorghum-2.jpg" width="307" height="194" alt="Identifying and Addressing Barriers to Low Adoption of Agricultural Inputs in Burkina Faso" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-staff--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-staff.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-staff.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-staff.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-staff field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/andreas-holzinger"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Andreas-Holzinger-Web.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Andreas Holzinger </div> <div class="title"> Country Director, Francophone West Africa </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/aliou-diallo"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Aliou-Diallo-Web.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Aliou Diallo </div> <div class="title"> Research Coordinator </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-staff.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item">100 villages</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2014-2018</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-file--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-file.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pdfpreview_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="pdfpreview" id="pdfpreview-751934"> <div class="pdfpreview-image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/IPA%20-%20Identifying%20and%20Addressing%20Barriers%20to%20Low%20Adoption%20of%20Agricultural%20Inputs%20in%20Burkina%20Faso.pdf"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img alt="" title="" class="pdfpreview-file image-style-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pdfpreview/751934-IPA%20-%20Identifying%20and%20Addressing%20Barriers%20to%20Low%20Adoption%20of%20Agricultural%20Inputs%20in%20Burkina%20Faso.png?itok=7LqXkTPa" width="371" height="480" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/pdfpreview-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-post-teaser-text--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-post-teaser-text.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-post-teaser-text field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Post Teaser Text</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Despite the availability of new agricultural technologies, which may increase yields and household income, few farmers in the Sahel region are using improved seeds and fertilizers. In Burkina Faso, researchers conducted a randomized evaluation to measure the impact of social network targeting on the introduction of micro-dosing– a technique that applied small amounts of fertilizer at the time of planting improved seeds. Results revealed that social networks were valuable in encouraging sustained adoption of micro-dosing in the long term.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> Tue, 10 Jan 2023 14:09:50 +0000 bfcontent 52123 at https://poverty-action.org The Impact of Community Natural Resource Management on Farmers’ Livelihoods and Land Quality in Namibia https://poverty-action.org/study/impact-community-natural-resource-management-farmers%E2%80%99-livelihoods-and-land-quality-namibia <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Impact of Community Natural Resource Management on Farmers’ Livelihoods and Land Quality in Namibia</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * 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field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 01/10/2023 - 09:05</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME 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field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img"><img alt="Farmers oversee cattle watering stations in Kavango Region, Namibia ©Nate Barker 2014" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c5fd1c93-cdcc-4793-a9c9-822fdb8ee2aa" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/20449792292_67c8390fda_o_1.jpeg" width="3264" height="2448" loading="lazy" /><figcaption>Farmers oversee cattle watering stations in Kavango Region, Namibia ©Nate Barker 2014</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content-edit/filter-caption.html.twig' --><h2>Abstract</h2> <p>In parts of southern Africa, environmental pressure on the land from overgrazing has contributed to land and water shortages and made communities more vulnerable to drought. In Namibia, researchers measured the impact of a community-based natural resource management program in rangelands on livestock assets, income, social cohesion, and land quality. The intervention led to improvements in community management, governance, and cooperation on rangelands but had negative impacts on rangeland health.</p> <h2>Policy Issue </h2> <p>Global desertification of the commons has increased in recent years, attributable to a number of factors including overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change. Africa in particular is susceptible to desertification, and it is estimated that by 2030, it will lose two-thirds of its arable land. [1] Herders, who depend on the availability of fertile land to lead their cattle, have the potential to experience significant negative impacts from this desertification. However, efforts to rehabilitate the land have been slow, notably due to limited land regulation by traditional tribal authorities or central authority, a lack of appropriate policies, and weak policy implementation. In the absence of effective management, communal rangelands are in danger of further desertification from overgrazing due to herders who are motivated to use the land in competition with their neighbors. Though they know reducing their herds’ grazing would be beneficial for the soil, individual herders may be hesitant to do so because they fear others will not follow suit. The resulting land degradation and water shortages make communities more vulnerable to drought.</p> <p>Some conventional ways to address this issue are to allow common rangeland to be fenced off as private land, or to encourage farmers to cull their herds, reducing the number of old and unproductive animals in the herd. However, these solutions are sometimes regarded as disruptive to traditional practices of pastoral land sharing and maintaining large herds. [2] An alternative approach[3] is a program of community-based natural resource management in which farmers combine their herds and rotate where they graze according to a plan. However, there is little experimental evidence on the actual effectiveness of this community-based approach. [4] In Namibia, researchers investigated the impact of a community-based natural resource management program on farmers’ livelihoods, social cohesion, and the long-term sustainability of the land.</p> <h2>Context of the Evaluation </h2> <p>The Northern Communal Areas (NCAs) of Namibia is a sparsely populated rural region where more than 1.2 million people live and practice agriculture and cattle herding. Population growth and reduced herd mobility have contributed to declines in soil productivity and vegetation in the NCAs. [5] In turn, this has led to complications for and competition between farmers and herders in accessing vital natural resources like water. Desertification has cost Namibia an estimated US$ 1.6 billion, equal to 19 percent of GDP. [6] Participants in this study were cattle farmers who owned at least ten animals, around the average cattle ownership for the region.</p> <p>The Community-based Rangeland Land Management project, implemented by the German development consultancy GOPA, divided the NCAs into broad informal districts called Rangeland Intervention Areas (RIAs). Each RIA was composed of a number of Grazing Areas, communities of about 20-30 farmers that graze on the same land and recognize the same local headman as their traditional authority.  </p> <p>The IPA evaluation was funded by Millennium Challenge Corporation’s (MCC) Namibia compact, which contracted a German consulting firm called GOPA to implement the project. Oversight of the project was shared between GOPA, MCC, and the Namibian Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Fisheries.</p> <h2>Details of the Intervention </h2> <p>IPA worked with researchers to conduct a randomized evaluation measuring the impact of a communal rangeland management program on farmer incomes, livestock assets, and land quality. Among 38 RIAs in the evaluation, half received training from GOPA on Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management (CBRLM), as well as matching funds for program activities and borehole well construction for cattle. The remaining RIAs formed the comparison group and did not participate in the program.</p> <p>GOPA conducted CBRLM trainings for farmers from 2012 through 2014. Training topics included planned grazing, combined herding, and best practices for raising cattle for commercial production. GOPA also helped formalize existing farmers associations to adjudicate disputes over natural resources and manage financial contributions for common goods by strengthening bookkeeping practices, creating shared bank accounts, and developing a clear structure for dispute settlement. GOPA matched farmers’ financial contributions for common goods for the first year of the program and constructed new borehole wells in communities where water access was limited.</p> <p>Two years after the conclusion of the CBRLM program, IPA researchers collected data to measure the program’s impacts on farmer incomes, productivity management behaviors, social cohesion, cattle health, and herd structures. They also collected ground-based ecological data and used high-resolution satellite imagery to measure land quality and preservation.</p> <h2>Results and Policy Lessons </h2> <p>Community-based rangeland management improved rangeland grazing management, community governance of the rangelands, and farmer cooperation in managing the rangelands. However, the intervention had negative impacts on rangeland health.</p> <p><em><strong>Grazeland management behavior improved</strong></em>. Herders in CBRLM rangelands improved grazing planning, grazing plan adherence, herding practices, and management as recommended by the training. In addition, they increased governance, collective action, and expertise of rangeland management. </p> <p>Herders were more likely to cooperate with peer herders. Approximately 50 percent of trained farmers planned grazing with peer farmers while only 22 percent of comparison group farmers did so. In addition, 72 percent of trained farmers combined their cattle with cattle of peer farmers versus 38 percent of comparison group farmers.</p> <p><strong><em>Despite improvements in rangeland management, rangeland conditions worsened.</em></strong> During the wet season, rangelands managed by trained farmers experienced slight decreases in protected soil surface (77 percent versus 81 percent for comparison group farmers), and plant litter cover (52 percent versus 55 percent). There were more significant decreases in herbaceous canopy cover (37 percent versus 45 percent), and fresh plant biomass (338 kg/hectare versus 459 kg/hectare). During the dry season, herbaceous canopy cover decreased from 22 percent to 17 percent and fresh plant biomass decreased from 233 kg/hectare to 227 kg/hectare. The researchers concluded that the negative impacts on rangeland conditions were due to increased grazing intensity during the wet and dry seasons. </p> <p><em><strong>Participating CBRLM communities experienced incursions from outside herders.</strong></em> During the dry season, herd owners were seven percentage points more likely to report incursions from herders from outside the rangelands (23 percent versus 16 percent for the comparison group). This was likely due to outside herders taking advantage of the water infrastructure and the set aside un-grazed forage reserves in these rangelands, interfering with the rotational schedule of land use.</p> <h2>Sources</h2> <p>[1] Africa Renewal, "Desertification a threat to Africa's development," United Nations, Accessed June 7, 2023, https://www.un.org/africarenewal/web-features/desertification-threat-africa%E2%80%99s-development </p> <p>[2] Turner and Schlecht 2019</p> <p>[3] Coppock, D. Layne, Luke Crowley, Susan L. Durham, Dylan Groves, Julian C. Jamison, Dean Karlan, Brien E. Norton, and R. Douglas Ramsey. "Community-based rangeland management in Namibia improves resource governance but not environmental and economic outcomes." Communications Earth &amp; Environment 3, no. 1 (2022): 1-17.</p> <p>[4] Some large-scale non-experimental studies have found promising results of rotational grazing programs, see: Norton, B.E. 2022. Management of livestock using rotational grazing. A critical intervention to promote food security and environmental sustainability in rural Tajikistan. A Knowledge Management paper for the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome.</p> <p>[5] Bollig, Michael. Shaping the African Savannah: from capitalist frontier to arid Eden in Namibia. Cambridge University Press, 2020.</p> <p>[6] UN Staff, “LDN Country profiles: Namibia–Investing in Land Degradation Neutrality: Making the Case,” United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Accessed December 6, 2022, https://www2.unccd.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/Namibia_3.pdf</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME 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from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-donors-repeater paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a href="https://www.mcc.gov/"> <div class="imgs-wrapper"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-08/MCC%20Logo.png" alt="MCC Logo"> </div> <span> Millennium Challenge Corporation </span> </a> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_donors_repeater.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-donor-repeater-block.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_donors.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--cb30-detail.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/case-studies" hreflang="en">Case Study</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/156" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/171" hreflang="en">Governance</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1841" hreflang="en">Community Participation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/86" hreflang="en">Namibia</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-researchers--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig x field--field-details-researchers.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-researchers field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field-items-wrapper"> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/d-layne-coppock"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Layne-Coppock_updated.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> D. Layne Coppock </div> <div class="title"> Utah State University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/luke-crowley"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Crowley%2C%20Lucas_Photo_UCT.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Luke Crowley </div> <div class="title"> University of Cape Town </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/dylan-groves"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/Dylan-Groves_updated.png')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Dylan Groves </div> <div class="title"> Columbia University </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/julian-jamison"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/headshots/lietuva.jpg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Julian Jamison </div> <div class="title"> University of Exeter </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ind"> <a href="/people/dean-karlan"> <div class="img" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dean-Karlan-Headshot-Photo-500px-Square.jpeg')"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="name notranslate"> Dean Karlan </div> <div class="title"> Northwestern University </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field--field-details-researchers.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-status--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-status.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-status field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Status</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/22" hreflang="en">Results</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-study-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-study-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-study-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Study Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2271" hreflang="en">Randomized Evaluation</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-region--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-region.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-region.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-region.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Region</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/281" hreflang="en">Africa</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-preview-image--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-preview-image field--type-image field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Preview Image</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-08/20449792292_67c8390fda_o_0.jpg" width="3264" height="2448" alt="Farmers oversee cattle watering stations" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sample-size--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-sample-size.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-sample-size field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sample Size</div> <div class="field__item">1,250 cattle-owning households</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-timeline--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-timeline.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-timeline.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-timeline.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Timeline</div> <div class="field__item">2010-2017</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 10 Jan 2023 14:05:46 +0000 bfcontent 52122 at https://poverty-action.org Village Enterprise CEO Cites IPA Study in NextBillion https://poverty-action.org/news/village-enterprise-ceo-cites-ipa-study-nextbillion <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Village Enterprise CEO Cites IPA Study in NextBillion</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 09/13/2022 - 14:38</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Dianne Calvi (Village Enterprise, CEO) and Brian Boland (The Delta Fund, Co-Founder) write on NextBillion about the results of the first development impact bond (DIB) in Africa. Calvi describes how Village Enterprise became involved in this endeavor, citing their earlier <a href="/study/variations-ultra-poor-graduation-programming-uganda" target="_blank">work with IPA</a> evaluating ultra-poor graduation programming in Uganda.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> July 22, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news" hreflang="en">News</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1821" hreflang="en">Cash Transfers</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2841" hreflang="en">Human Capital &amp; Skills</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2016" hreflang="en">Microenterprise</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2006" hreflang="en">Savings</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2031" hreflang="en">Training &amp; Mentoring</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2041" hreflang="en">Ultra Poor</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/109" hreflang="en">Uganda</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-news-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/201" hreflang="en">Media Coverage</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-link--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-link.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Article Link - For News Pages ONLY</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://nextbillion.net/faster-lighter-touch-and-group-based-a-different-approach-to-poverty-graduation/">https://nextbillion.net/faster-lighter-touch-and-group-based-a-different-approa…</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 13 Sep 2022 18:38:18 +0000 Anonymous 51931 at https://poverty-action.org Nature News on Social Protection Trials https://poverty-action.org/news/nature-news-social-protection-trials <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--title--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--title.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--title--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--title.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Nature News on Social Protection Trials</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--uid--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--uid.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--uid--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--uid.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--created--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--created.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--created--template-g-details-flex.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--rss--created.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 06/29/2022 - 16:33</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-template-g-content-blocks--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-template-g-content-blocks.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-template-g-content-blocks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Template G Content Blocks</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor--default.html.twig * paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-editor paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-sub-editor--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--paragraph--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default--field-sub-editor.html.twig * field--default--sub-cb30-editor.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--field-sub-editor.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sub-editor field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub Editor</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>Nature</em>'s news side covers advances in the fight against poverty including efforts of randomized evaluations to reduce poverty in the Sahel region of Africa, citing <a href="/study/promoting-productive-inclusion-and-resilience-national-safety-nets-four-country-evaluation" target="_blank">an IPA study</a> comparing different "productive packages" to promote socio-economic inclusion, along with past IPA research on the ultra poor graduation model and cash transfers. Researchers <a href="/people/Dean-Karlan" target="_blank">Dean Karlan</a> and <a href="/people/Markus-Goldstein" target="_blank">Markus Goldstein</a> share insights on key factors to consider and the potential benefits of continuing this type of research.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub_cb30_editor.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--sub-cb30-date--default.html.twig x paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sub-cb30-date paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="cb-date"> June 30, 2022 </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/paragraph/paragraph--sub-cb30-date.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-content-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-content-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-content-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Content Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news" hreflang="en">News</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-program-areas--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-program-areas.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-program-areas field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Program Areas</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/191" hreflang="en">Social Protection</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-topics--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-topics.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Topics</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1851" hreflang="en">Access to Finance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1821" hreflang="en">Cash Transfers</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2841" hreflang="en">Human Capital &amp; Skills</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1946" hreflang="en">Livelihoods</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2016" hreflang="en">Microenterprise</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2006" hreflang="en">Savings</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2031" hreflang="en">Training &amp; Mentoring</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2041" hreflang="en">Ultra Poor</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2061" hreflang="en">Women &amp; Girls</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-details-countries--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-details-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-details-countries field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details Countries</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/89" hreflang="en">Niger</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-news-type--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-news-type.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Type</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/201" hreflang="en">Media Coverage</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-link--rss.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--node--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--node--field-link.html.twig * field--node--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss--field-link.html.twig * field--rss--template-g-details-flex.html.twig * field--rss.html.twig * field--field-link.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News Article Link - For News Pages ONLY</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01679-y">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01679-y</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ipa/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 29 Jun 2022 20:33:39 +0000 Anonymous 51311 at https://poverty-action.org